葉適「書序」散文之美學

The Aesthetics of Ye Shi's Preface Prose Writing

葉適的散文成就，在南宋是十分突出的。他兼具史學家、思想家與文學家的身分，博學多聞，究道尚文。葉適散文中「書序」作品，是很有特色的。葉適「書序」的寫作技法，包括了一、志人為主的風格，書寫重心的轉移，著重人物描寫，甚至表現「寫志」的風格特色。二、抒情色彩的強化，擅用譬喻和描寫，展現其豐富的個人文采。三、今昔事件的對比，善用對照、前後呼應的技巧，映照當代文人詩文集的價值與特色。四、駢散交錯的美感，能在平整的偶句對仗中，加入散句的錯落，使文句讀來迴盪曲折、勁健有力。其葉適「書序」的思想內容為：一、經世致用的深化，向議論化、理論化的延伸。將文道思想放入書序寫作中，藉由文集中所提出的思想內容極具批判精神。二、開拓寫作視野，其筆力橫肆，延續北宋以來歐、蘇「書序」之作有了新的變化。三、闡述文學理論中，葉適的文學思想包括了文學出於自然，是一種情性的自然表現。崇尚醇雅詩風，是對當代文風敗壞的提醒，也是葉適他對實學思想下的一種貫徹。另外，他也強調新意奇句的重要性，並且標舉清麗新美的文字風格。Ye Shi's prose enjoyed an outstanding reputation in the Southern Song. He was not only an erudite and scholarly historian, a philosopher but also a litterateur. In his prose collection, Ye's 'preface' has its own characteristics. Ye's writing skills for the preface include: 1.the description of people and the style of history writing; 2.mastering in the metaphor and description; 3.being coherent and using contrast between the past and the present to reflect the value and special features of contemporary poetry and prose; 4.adding prose with parallel sentences and the words sound more powerful. The ideology behind Ye's preface is to criticize the society rightfully, to expand the writing horizon and to naturally create his literary works. In pursuit of a purer, more elegant style of writing, Ye Shi's works also try to warn the society of the rotten culture in his time. Ye Shi not only emphasizes the importance of having new ideas and creating unique sentences but also praises the pure and beautiful writing style.