催眠介入在運動心理諮詢工作的應用

Application of hypnosis intervention in sport psychology consultation

在許多科學研究和臨床治療領域，催眠已經被證實是一種有效的心理治療方式，但模糊的定義加上舞臺式催眠刻板印象，使得催眠介入在運動心理社群中仍未被廣泛接受，因此本文針對國外競技運動領域中已進行的實證研究進行整理與討論，期望能提供國內相關領域工作者初步參考資訊。目前實證研究一致發現，不論是短期或長期性的催眠介入均有其正面效益，除了能提升運動技術表現，也對於選手的流暢體驗、正負面情緒、自信心、自我效能都有助益；此外，個人化的介入設計，並配合其他介入，才能發揮催眠介入的最佳效用。然而若欲運用催眠於運動心理諮詢中，未來還需要有更多實證研究報告和文獻來釐清爭議。Hypnosis has been used to treat cognitive and mental states in many contexts. Yet hypnosis intervention has not been widely accepted by sport psychology community because of a lack of clear definition of hypnosis and stereotypes and myths of the 'stage' hypnosis. Thus, empirical studies and literature related to sport psychology hypnosis were discussed. Generally, the results indicated hypnosis interventions have notable positive effects on sport performance and athletes' psychological states such as flow, emotion, confidence, and self-efficacy. Besides, literature highlighted the importance of non-standardised delivery of hypnosis as well as the greater value when used in conjunction with other interventions. Controversial issues need to be solved by empirical studies before utilizing hypnosis to facilitate athletes.