茱愛特在美國文學中的傳承與創新：以「故事與速寫集」為例

Continuity and Discontinuity in American Literature: Sarah Orne Jewett's 'Selected Stories and Sketches'

This paper intends to locate Sarah Orne Jewett within the succession of Nature writing and beyond it to position her continuity and discontinuity in American literature with the focus on her rarely read collection, Selected Stories and Sketches. Frequently, Jewett is located as one of the local colorists with her favor of the depiction of New English; her illustration of the natural scenery, nevertheless, can be traced back to Romanticists' love of nature (Church 21-44; Alaimo 56). In addition to the ambivalence of Jewett's literary heritage indicated by Pryse (517) and Shannon (234), Jewett's female relation is as ambiguous. The same sex friendship with Anne Fields becomes the legendary-like Boston Marriage. Generally speaking, from the depiction of nature, classification of genre to the female relationship, this paper examines Jewett's continuity and discontinuity in American literature. After a brief introduction, the second section of the paper discusses Jewett's Romantic and Realistic inheritance. The third section, however, initiates the ambivalence in genre categorization and in female- relation depiction to outstand Jewett's peculiarity. The homogeneity and heterogeneity in Jewett will be concluded in the last section.本文討論茱愛特的寫作以及其在美國文學的定／地位。大體而言，一提到茱愛特很自然會將此女作家的作品與本土色彩（local color）相連，而此種本土色彩的描繪亦承自前期─浪漫時期對美國地土的好奇、甚至熱愛。也因此，茱愛特除了偏好書寫新英格蘭等地方小鎮情事，語言多採用地方語言外，她對自然萬物的勾勒也同樣得見浪漫情懷，自此可見其浪慢的承襲（Church 21－44；Alaimo 56）。然另一方面而言，茱愛特與菲爾德斯（Anne Fields）的波士頓婚姻（Boston Marriage）除變成如同鄉野軼事之傳頌外，更可看出此女作家獨異的見解與觀點。除了其作品不易定位外（Pryse 517；Shannon 234），茱愛特筆下的女性友誼也如同其文類一般的似有若無。本文以茱愛特的《故事與速寫集》（Selected Stories and Sketches）為主，討論茱愛特在自然、文類區隔與女性情誼的勾勒和書寫，以勘查茱愛特在美國文學中的傳承與斷層。本文分四大部份，在前言簡介後，第二部份討論茱愛特承襲美國文學浪漫色彩，並傳承本土特色的書寫；第三部份則以茱愛特的為文分類為啟端，導引出其女性情誼的新創，因而突顯其罕見的特殊色調，最後則以其書寫中與美國文學之同質與異質性為結言。