中英口譯訓練過程與語篇練習範本設計

Chinese-English Interpreter Training Procedure and Text Exercise Sample Designs

本篇文章說明五個重點：中英口譯訓練分類、口譯練習基礎項目、口譯核心技巧、三類口譯的語篇練習範本設計、口譯考試評分基礎項目。第一部份說明中英口譯訓練依步驟可分成視譯、逐步口譯、同步口譯，兼敘國內翻譯研究所口譯組之資格考試與專業考試要求之大致情形。第二部份說明口譯練習的基礎訓練項目為（1）聽寫與記憶練習，（2）朗讀練習，（3）重述練習與概述練習，（4）即席演講練習，（5）跟述練習。第三部份闡釋口譯核心技巧其實只有一個，即「順譯」，並特別說明順譯和錯誤修正之間的邏輯關係，同時敘及「宏觀處理」在時間緊湊的口譯過程中所扮演的角色。第四部份帶入本文主題，談到視譯、逐口、同口的語篇練習範本設計，主張不需完全依賴實況會議，而只利用範本在教室進行教學，應該具有相當可行性。最後一部份則說明口譯考試評分基礎項目，包括聲音、台風、用語、口譯技巧、專業術語、精確度，但指出此法費事費神，執行困難，建議用五級分評審制，只需有一定評審人數，以量求質即可。This paper is divided into five parts. The first part explains three types of interpretation training, which are sight interpreting, consecutive interpreting, and simultaneous interpreting. This part also talks about current status of qualification and professional examinations held by the interpretation programs in Taiwan's GITI. The second part gives some details of the five basic tasks of interpreting exercises. They are transcription and retention exercise, reading-aloud exercise, reformulation and gist exercise, impromptu exercise, and shadowing exercise. The third part points out that the most important skill of Chinese-English interpretation lies in 'linear interpretation,'the logic between it and error repairs being in focus. In the meantime, it discusses the role macro-processing plays in limited-time CI and SI interpreting process. Bringing in the titular concern and counter to general practices, the fourth part proposes that beginning trainees should proceed with their training by making use of text exercise sample designs so they wouldn't have to rely too heavily on real conference situations. The last part lists a few basic assessment criteria in interpretation examinations, including voice, stage performance, language use, interpreting techniques, terminology, and accuracy, but points out that a grading sheet using all these items seems energy- and time-consuming. A more practical method is to have enough number of judges making use of a calibrated five-point chart to grade the examinees.