食用真菌赭麟蘑菇在不同碳源培養下菌絲多醣體之研究

Effects of Carbon-source on the Structural Changes of Polysaccharides in the Dietary Mushroom Agaricus subrufescens

赭麟蘑菇Agaricus subrufescens Peck（原名巴西蘑菇，Agaricus blazei Murrill），為食用真菌，及被用作保健食品。本研究是探討不同碳源液態培養赭麟蘑菇菌絲體，對菌絲生長及多醣體的影響。以分子篩色層分析及高效液相陰離子交換色層分析對其多醣體作定性分析。實驗數據顯示，以蔗糖培養基培養10, 20, 及40 g/l培養49 天，對菌絲乾重有正相關的影響。但以malt培養基培養10, 20, 及40 g/l，對菌絲乾重有負相關的影響。以蔗糖或葡萄糖為碳源培養基培養下，劑量越高，促進生成低分子量（< 1kDa）的菌絲多醣體族群，佔總多醣的比例越高。以葡萄糖為碳源培養基培養下，劑量越高，促進生成高分子量（> 10000 kDa）的多醣體族群，佔總多醣的比例越高，以蔗糖為碳源培養基培養下，劑量越高，則抑制生成高分子量（> 10000kDa）的多醣體族群。赭麟蘑菇菌絲多醣體之單醣組成分析，以半乳醣、葡萄糖及果糖為主。以蔗糖為碳源培養基培養下，其菌絲多醣體單糖組成，葡萄糖及果糖皆為正相關的劑量效應。以葡萄糖為碳源培養基培養下，其菌絲多醣體單糖組成，葡萄糖為正相關的劑量效應。Agaricus subrufescens, formerly named A. blazei Murrill, has been used as dietary mushroom and to formulate nutraceuticals and functional foods. The purpose of this research was to physiochemically characterize the effects of carbon-source on the expression profiles and sugar compositions of polysaccharides from A. subrufescens. Polysaccharide was characterized by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). A direct dosage effects was shown as sucrose-based medium and a negative dosage effects was shown as malt-based medium. Sucrose or glucose as substrate enhanced the biosynthesis of the very-low-molecular-weight (<1 kDa) polysaccharide. Glucose-feeding in high dose could enhance very-high-molecular-weight-polysaccharide (> 10000 kDa) synthesized. In contrast, sucrose-feeding in high dose was a negative effect for that of the synthesis. Galactose, glucose, and fructose were the dominant sugars in the A. subrufescens polysaccharide mixture. The content of glucose and fructose in the polysaccharides increased with increase feeding of sucrose, and that of glucose for glucose-feeding.