民事社會科學證據的中國圖景

On the Civil Social Scientific Evidence in China

司法證明方法從神證到人證再到物證，呈現科學化發展的趨勢，科學證據成為司法證明方法的必然選擇，以社會調查為主要方法的新型訴訟證明方法逐步被應用於訴訟實踐。社會科學證據符合客觀性、關聯性、合法性等證據屬性，應賦予社會科學調查報告以法定的證據資格，並將其界定為鑑定意見。社會科學證據頻現於我國訴訟實踐中，但由於規則缺失，法院對待社會科學證據的態度差異較大。社會科學證據制度在我國的建立，應確定其法律依據，對社會科學證據鑑定機構、鑑定人員及技術標準實行統一管理；應限制法院決定是否同意社會調查的自由裁量權，賦予當事人程序性救濟權，對重新調查程序的啟動予以具體化規定；應建立技術性出庭制度、法官技術顧問及專家陪審制度等。The judicial proof develops in a scientific way from the divinity evidence to witness to material evidence. Scientific evidence has become the inevitable choice of judicial proof. The new lawsuit proof method mainly based on the social survey has gradually been applied in judicial practice. Social scientific evidence with the objectivity， relevance， legitimacy should entitle legal qualification to the social scientific evidence， which is defined as the evaluation. Social scientific evidence is frequently applied in judicial practice in our country， but courts have different attitudes towards social scientific evidence because of the imperfect legal system. The social scientific evidence system in our country should be established on the legal basis. It needs unified management of the identification mechanism， identification of personnel and technical standards of social scientific evidence. It needs to limit the court decision whether or not to approve the discretion of social survey. It needs entitle the party with procedural right. It needs to be specific to the reinvestigation procedure. It needs establish technical court system， the technical adviser to judges and expert jury system.