區分加重構成與量刑規則－－罪量加重構成概念之提倡

Distinguishing between Aggravating Conditions and Sentencing Rules

法定刑升格條件確有區分加重構成與量刑規則的必要。不具備違法推定機能、不是故意認識內容的首要份子、作為報酬的違法所得等升格條件是典型的量刑規則；具備犯罪個別化、違法性推定與故意規制三大機能的時間地點、行為方式、加重結果等升格條件是典型的（罪體）加重構成要素；而多次、數額巨大的升格條件，僅表達違法程度、不體現行為類型變異，雖是故意的認識內容，卻無法發揮犯罪個別化機能，既非典型的加重構成要素，也非典型的量刑規則，應屬於罪量加重構成要素。罪量加重構成有行為規模類與結果程度類之分，結果程度類罪量加重構成是基於基本犯結果的危險性而加重刑罰的，當基本犯未遂時，即喪失加重之依據，不能論以加重犯的未遂犯。情節嚴重作為升格條件，則應當根據具體化的情節事實，依據上述標準判斷各具體事項的歸屬。The statutory sentencing aggregation could be divided into aggravating condition and sentencing rule. Sentencing rules include certain chief culprit, and illegal income. Aggravating conditions would consider the time and location of behavior, among others. The conditions, such as frequency and the varying amount, are not typical aggregating conditions or sentencing rules. Both behavior and result should be considered. When the essential offense is an attempted crime, which has lost aggravating reason, it should not be considered that an attempted crime of aggravated crime is established. As for the term