風險規制時代的授權與裁量──「美國貨運協會案」的啟示

Delegation and Discretion in Risk Regulation – Implications of American Trucking Associations, et al., v. EPA

風險社會中，風險規製成為政府的重要任務之一，行政裁量權由此進一步擴張。對美國貨運協會案的思考可揭示，美國公法上通過司法審查規範行政裁量權的兩種傳統進路，即審查授權的可理解性」與審查裁量的合理性」，在功能上可以相互替代，同時也並未排除他種可能；而這些可替代方案的有效性，從根本上取決於對複雜的當代風險規制活動是否具有符合實際的理解。Administrative discretion has been expanding while risk regulation has become one of the most important governmental tasks. Reflections on the ATA case would disclose that two traditional approaches of American judicial review, 'the intelligible principle of delegation' & 'the reasonability of discretionary power', are two of many functionally alternative options. The effectiveness of these alternative options depends on whether we have correct understanding of the complicated risk regulation practices or not.