權利能力的雙重角色困境與主體資格制度重構

Legal Capacity's Double Roles Dilemma and Re-construction of the Corpus Qualification System

權利能力意在打通理性、主體、權利三者之間的聯係，並使得私法自治成為可能。新型主體的不斷涌現使得理性作為主體的唯一根據已不敷使用；權利能力兼具主體資格和權利資格雙重角色也左支右絀。權利能力應當角色唯一化，僅承擔權利資格之角色，另將主體資格獨立出去。私法主體之根據應當分為目的性根據和工具性根據，分別適用於生物人和團體。 私法主體制度應當具有開放性，以適應人和社會經濟發展的需要。Legal capacity tends to get through the connection of rationality, subject and right and makes autonomy of private law possible. The emerging of new types of subjects makes it too limiting to take rationality as the only basis of private law. Legal capacity, which plays the double roles of corpus qualification and right quali-fication, is in a tight spot too. Legal capacity should play the only role of right qualification and disassociate the corpus qualification. The basis of the private law subject should be differentiated to objective basis and instrumental basis which separately apply to biological persons and groups. Private law subject system should be an open system, so that it can adapt to the development of person and social economy.