中國法院壓力之消解－－一種法律組織學解讀

How to Dispel the Stress of China's Counts ：An Interpretation from Legal Histology

法律洞的不可避免和正式職業保險制度的缺失，導制中國法院在消解外部不確定性風險和壓力時，形成了組織結構柔性化和組織功能普化的”十字形”調審組織。而嵌入其間的法官也相應地選取了調解型橫向分權式決策的”民主化”、審判型縱向分權式決策的”行政化”和調審型縱橫向分權式決策的”去司法化”等三種壓力消解方式。這些消解外部不確定性風險和壓力的方式，是以犧牲司法確定性而獲得的，導致了中國法院在制度性司法確定性方面的喪失。因此，要想在中國法院實現制度性司法確定性，必須針對司法的高風險特徵，建立三位一體的正式職業保險制度。Because of the inevitability of legal structural hole and the absence of professional insurance system,China's courts formed a cross-shaped mediation and judgment organization with flexible organization structure and generalized organization function when they dispelled their external uncertainty risk and pressure.Ac-cordingly, the judges embedded in this structure selected a way of non-judicialization to eliminate the pres-sure described as 'democratized'horizontal mediation,'administrational'legthways judgment and cross-shaped mediation and judgment mixed power dispersing type. Such way of elimination external uncertainty risk and pressure was obtained by sacrificing judicial certainty and it caused Chinese courts'non-judicializa-tion and the loss of their institutional judicial certainty.Therefore, in order to realize the judicialization and institutional judicial certainty of China's courts, we should establish a triune professional insurance system aimed at the high-risk characteristic of judicature.