「三國志通俗演義」中的對話特質及其意義

The Nature and Meanings of the Dialogues in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo zhi tongsu yanyi)

本文旨在討論羅貫中於《三國志通俗演義》中，如何通過諸種人物及事件，來建構不同意識之間的相互對峙、相互對話，由此呈現出這部小說之多重意義彼此互動的開放式敘述結構。本文認為：從孫策與于吉、左慈與曹操的衝突中，我們看到《演義》所展示的不同意識，在相互對峙和對話中，造就了《演義》多元化的意義呈現。圍繞吳、蜀聯盟的「眾聲喧譁」所構成的大型對話，使我們看到《演義》具有「複調」小說之特徵。不同意識之間的互不相融或互不消解對方，有效地促成《演義》的開放式敘述結構。敘述人及其作者的意識與作品人物意識之間保持的距離及差異性，更為《演義》意義的呈現，提供了更為豐富的內涵。This paper discusses how the Sanguo zhi tongsu yanyi, through its narration of various characters and events, creates opposing dialogues and contrasting ideologies, therefore showing the multi-layered meanings and interactive open structure of this novel. From the conflicts between Sun Ce and Yu Ji, Zuo Ci and Cao Cao, we see that different ideologies are present in the Yanyi. Through their opposing and interactive dialogue, the multiple meanings of the Yanyi are manifest. In the macro-dialogue that forms the polyphonic existence centered on the Wu-Shu alliance, a polyphonic characteristic is presented in the novel. The immiscibility and indissolubility of different ideologies effectively create an open structure for the Yanyi. Both the narrator and the author keep a distance from the characters in the novel, and hold differing stances towards them, thus enriching the content of the novel.