臺灣高等教育擴充之研析

An Analysis of Expansion of Higher Education in Taiwan

西元2000年以來，臺灣高等教育大幅擴充，產生人力低度運用的現象，引發各界對過量教育的批評。探究其原因錯綜複雜，本研究認為國家經濟發展、產業結構調整、大學功能變革，以及學生就業能力，均攸關就業市場供需力量的變化。因此，不能僅從人力運用的失業率、薪資、學用配合等指標來加以論斷。本研究發現目前學費補貼讓教育體制內的價格機能喪失，造成高等教育的效率性降低，且低學費未必確保窮人子女上大學的機會，反而造成逆向所得重分配。如果政府引進價格因素，將可去除「窮人補貼富人」的弊病，教育體系也將恢復有效率運作。並建議大學應在教學策略，教材設計、教學方法上，做出適當調整，縮小大學生能力與企業界需求之間的落差。

The rapid expansion of higher education in Taiwan in the recent decade caused lower graduates’ human capital use. This overeducation has been the concern of many people. Academic circles believe it is greatly attributed to economic development, industrial restructuring, university function change, and student employability. The purpose of this study was to explore the cause and effect. The main findings and suggestions were: 1. tuition subsidies undermine the prices function, resulting in the reduced efficiency of higher education; 2. low tuition is not necessarily ensuring access to college for poor children; it instead causes a reverse income redistribution effect; 3. reforms are needed to enhance teaching skills, strengthen curriculum design, and to implement and/or improve all areas related to teaching quality.