東亞經貿分工及區域整合之研析

A Study on Division of Labor and Economic Integration in East Asia

中國加入東亞經貿分工體系後，區內經濟及貿易快速成長，對區內及區外經貿整合亦加速進行。本研究發現，東亞經濟整合主要是透過企業對外投資，建立全球緊密的經貿分工體系為主。近年來在中國及日本爭取東亞經濟整合主導權下，興起制度性安排的區域整合。東亞此波政治趨動的經濟整合，FTA涵蓋的內容雖包羅萬象，惟涉及實質自由化內容相當有限，貿易創造效果不大，但錯綜複雜的原產地規定恐徒增海關作業成本，不利東亞地區貿易的發展；另，各國致力於推動雙邊FTA，亦有礙WTO多邊貿易自由化之進行。為使東亞經貿整合對我國的衝擊降至最低，我國除了應克服外交的困境參與區域整合外，亦應深入研究分析東亞整合後，產業價值鏈變化及商機，以協助廠商進行全球佈局。

Since China joined the East Asian division-of-labor system, East Asian intra-regional trade and economic activities have developed rapidly, while intra- and extra-regional economic integration have also progressed at a faster pace. This study finds that East Asian economic integration is mainly driven by foreign direct investment (FDI), through which a close and comprehensive global production network has been built. In recent years, institutional arrangements for integration have been introduced as China and Japan have been actively vying for leadership in East Asian economic integration. Free trade agreements (FTAs) initiated under this recent movement of politically driven integration are comprehensive but deficient in trade creation due to very limited coverage for substantive liberalization. At the same time, complicated rules of origin are unfavorable to East Asian trade development because they only increase the work of customs and resultant costs. The promotion of bilateral FTAs may also hinder the WTO's progress in multilateral liberalization. The challenge for Taiwan in the face of East Asian economic integration is to take part in it against unfavorable diplomatic odds, while at the same time carefully analyzing value-chain changes and new business opportunities arising from integration, with a view to helping Taiwanese businesses in their pursuit of global positioning.