| 英文摘要 |
Yam is one of the most important root crops due to its high yield potential and nutritional value. It is distributed in a almost every part of the tropics and subtropics and possesses a wide diversity in its genetic background. The collection of yam germplasm resources is particularly imperative to the successful research and usage of yam in Taiwan. A total of 90 genotypes belonging to the five most productive yam species in the world, i.e., D. alata L., D. esculenta (Lour.) Burk., D. rotundata (L.) Poir., D. cayenensis Lam., and D. bulbifera L. and the four promising species in Taiwan, i.e., D. alata L. var. purpurea (Roxb.) M. Pouch., D. japonica Thunb. var. pseudojaponica (Hay.) Yamam., and D. dolyophora Hance has been collected and propagated by Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. A number of traits including agronomic characteristics, tuber yield potential, flowering habit, isozymes, disease and insect resistance, and chemical composition has been investigated on all or part of those genotypes. With the exception of a few species, e.g., D. rotundata, varietal improvement by conventional methods is difficult because of the low frequencies of flowering and seed-setting. Therefore, introduction and subsequent selection of the introduced germplasm have been adopted in the breeding programs. A new yam variety, Tainung No. 1 and a superior line, 70W04, have been selected for their high yield potential (31 t/ha), nutritional quality, wide adaptability, long shelf-life, and processing feasibility. An average tuber yield of 12-40 t/ha of other yams in Taiwan was produced, which was higher than the meaned tuber yield of 9.4 t/ha in the world. |
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