保健植物之生產促進與白鶴靈芝之加工研究

Studies on the Production Improvement of Plants Used for Health Purpose and Processing Techniques of Rhinacanthus Nasutus (L.) Kurz.

經多年試驗評估後，選定白鶴靈芝、枸杞及麥門冬為三種值得開發之藥用及保健用植物，並於試驗農場及實驗室分析及比較三者間生產力與品質之差異。本研究於連續執行兩年後，分別獲得下列之結果：在白鶴靈芝之生產技術方面，中量氮肥組(120Nkg/ha)之施用對於白鶴靈芝之株高、莖徑及根長之性狀表現，及葉、莖技及根之公頃產量，一般較優於高氮肥組(180Nkg/ha)及低氮肥組(60Nkg/ha)，以中氮肥組18個月生白鶴靈芝之莖技產量(72.1t/ha)及根之產量(51.8t/ha)為例，依次各為後斗組之1.38與1.21倍（莖枚），及1.74與1.52倍（根）。而不同行株距對於白鶴靈芝性狀表現之影響較不一致，惟在產量方面，則以密植處理組(30×30cm)之結果最佳，其葉、莖枚及根之產量各為14.9、90.1及59.1t/ha，皆顯著高於50×30cm組及50×50cm組，在枸杞之生產技術方面，則以高氮肥組對其性狀及產量之效果較佳，以高氮肥組18個月生枸杞根之產量89t/ha為例，依次各約為低氮肥組及中氮肥組之1.10及1.25倍。不同行株距對枸杞單株各部位性狀之影響，以疏植處理組(50×50cm)之表現最佳，惟產量方面則以密植處理組(30×30cm)較佳，其葉、莖枝及根之產量依次各為4.9t/ha、51.4t/ha及10.7t/ha，其中根之產量顯著低於50×30cm組之27.1t/ha。不同行株距、氮肥施用量及期作對白鶴靈芝及枸杞之影響頗大，不論是秋作或春作，白鶴靈芝或枸杞都以密植組(30×30cm)之產量效果最佳。而不同氮肥用量對白鶴靈芝兩期作間之影響，於秋作時以中氮肥組(120Nkg/ha)之效果較佳，高氮肥組(180Nkg/ha)則對春作白鶴靈芝之各部位產量之促進效果較佳；不同氮肥用量對枸杞秋作產量之影響，以重氮肥組之結果較好，但春作時則以中氮肥較佳。比較麥門冬五品系之產量結果可知，以57-M4之單株乾塊根產量31.9g最高，其次為57-M5之14.8g，兩者差異顯著，且都遠比其他三品系為高。綜合比較白鶴靈芝、枸杞及麥門冬各生長1.5年之生產力可知，由於白鶴靈芝及枸杞全株皆可被利用，前者全株最高之總產量為164.1t/ha（30×30cm組），枸杞為67.0t/ha（30×30cm組），而麥門冬只塊根可供利用，產量最高為7.99t/ha，其間之差異頗大。比較白鶴靈芝與枸杞植株之礦物元素含量可知，白鶴靈芝在P、K、Ca、Fe及Mg等五種元素含量較枸杞高出不少，而枸杞則在Mn、Cu及Zn之含量上略高。目前白鶴靈芝罐裝飲料產品已由臺灣省農業試驗所及愛之味股份有限公司研製成功。

Three species, Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz., Lyciuni chinense Miller, and Liriope spp.. were compared for their agronomic characteristics, yield, and quality differences to find out the possibility whether they could be used as a suitable material for health drink. Experimental results indicated that for the production of R. nasutus, the treatment effect of nitrogen quantity of 120kg/ha and plant spacing of 30×30 cm were superior to others. After 18 months of cultivation, the stem and branches yield of R. nasutus under 120 N kg/ha treatment was 1.38 and 1.21 times higher than the treatments of 180 N kg/ha and 60 N kg/ha, for root yield was 1.74 and 1.52 times higher, respectively. Mean yields of leaf, stem and branches, and root under 30×30 cm treatment were 14.9, 90.1 and 59.1 t/ha, respectively. All were significantly higher than the yields under 50×30 cm and 50×50 cm treatments. For the production of L. chinense, its yields from treatments of 180 N kg/ha and 30×30 cm were higher than other treatments. For example, the root yield of L. chienese after 18 months cultivation under 180 N kg/ha treatment was 8.9 t/ha, which was 1.1 and 1.25 times higher than those of 60 N kg/ha and 120 N kg/ha, respectively. The mean yields of leaf, stem and branches under 30×30 cm treatment except the yield of root were also significantly higher then those of 50×30 cm and 50×50 cm treatments. Comparing the results between fall and spring planting of R. nasutus and L. chinense, 30 ×30 cm treatment showed the highest yield of the whole plant and different plant parts of both species. The suitable nitrogen quantities for R. nasutus in fall and spring planting were 120 N kg/ha and 180 N kg/ha, respectively, and for L. chinense were 180 N kg/ha and 120 N kg/ha, respectively. Among five lines of Liriope spp., 57-M4 might be the most promising line which had a significantly higher yield than other lines. But with a yield of 7.99 t/ha after 18 months of cultivation, 57-M4 was less competitive in contrast with R. nasutus and L. chinense, the former had a yield of 164.1 t/ha and the latter gave 67 t/ha. The contents of mineral elements of the above three species were also compared. R. nasutus had a higher contents of P, K, Ca, Fe and Mg than the others, but L. chinense showed slightly higher amounts of Mn, Cu and Zn contents then R. nasutus. After comparing the production ability and element contents among these three species, R. nasutus could be strongly recommended as the best material to be used for health drink. A product of Pai-Ho drink is therefore successfully produced by TARI and A.G.V. Products Corporation.