重要藥用植物山藥之生產與品質研究

Studies on the Production and Quality of Yam (Dioscorea Spp.)

優良種原之引進為本省重要藥用植物山藥資源開發與生產利用之首要工作。在已蒐集之90品系中，有40個為D. allta品系，其中70W04及70W05特其生產潛力，此二品系之公頃產量可達40t/ha以上；具30t/ha以上生產力的有10品系，如山藥台農1號及70W01等；另有4品系之產量在20t/ha以上。在23個D. alata var. purpurea品系中，較具生產潛力的為70R01及70R08，二品系之公頃產量可達23t/ha以上。在6個D. esculenta品系中，71W19有29t/ha之生產潛力。71W14為5個D. rotundata品系中較高產之品系，有22t/ha之產量。除了未經種原鑑定之10品系外，在其他山藥物種中，較具高產潛力的為D. bulbifera之71W21，產量可達25t/ha。屬於D. alata之山藥台農l號及70W04之塊莖肉部色白，屬於D. alata var. purpurea之70R01則色紫紅，三品系同具高產傾向。由台中地區經三個連續栽培年度及1992年在三個不同地區之產量比較結果可知，70W04及山藥台農l號同具31t/ha以上之高產表現，且甚穩定。由不同海拔之試驗結果可知，較高海拔(800m)似對70W04及山藥台農1號塊莖性狀及產量之影響較大。另由品質之比較結果可知，70R01具有較山藥台農1號及70W04為高之蛋白質、脂肪、粗纖維及灰分成分，其P、Mg、Fe及Ca之含量亦較高，惟塊莖較易褐變且粘度劣變較快，是其缺點。

The introduction of superior germplasms is essential to the varietal improvement, production and utilization of yam in Taiwan. A total of 90 genotypes including 40 genotypes of Dioscorea alata, 23 of B. alata var. purpurea, 6 of D. esculenta, 5 of D. rotundata, and 1 or D. bulbifera has been collected, propagated, and evaluated by Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI). The two most productive yam genotypes collected, 70W04 and 70W05, belong to B. alata and exhibited yield potential over 40t/ha. Ten other genotypes (e. g., Tainung No.1) and 4 genotypes (e. g., 70W02) of D. alata also possessed yield potential higher than 30 and 20t/ha, respectively. The average yield performance of D. alata var. purpurea genotypes 70R01 and 70R08 in the field experiment was over 23t/ha. The representative and productive genotypes of other yam species include 71W19 of D. esculenta, 71W14 of D. rotundata, and 71W21 of D. bulbifera with mean yield of 29.4, 22.1, and 25.3t/ha, respectively. Field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years in Taichung area and at three different locations in 1992 to investigate the agronomic and yield performance of genotypes Tainung No.1, 70W04, and 70R01. Both 70W04 and Tainung No.1 had high and stable yield with average tuber yield over 31t/ha. Cultivation at high altitude (600~800 m) showed a more detrimental effect on 70W04 and Tainung No.1 than on 70R01. Despite the easier browning and faster decrease in viscosity, chemical analysis indicated the superior nutritional quality of 70R01 tubers by its higher contents of protein, fat, fiber, total ash, and mineral elements of P. Mg, Fe, and Ca, as compared to the other two genotypes.