利用超臨界二氧化碳萃取砂仁、丁香、及當歸中之油性及香味成分

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Angelicae Radix, Amomi Semen, and Caryophylli Flos

利用超臨界二氧化碳萃取技術，從當歸、砂仁、及丁香中抽取油性及香味成分。本實驗使用四種萃取條件，他們分別是(1)1500psi，40℃；(2)3000Psi，40℃；(3)1500Psi，60℃；(4)3000psi，60℃。結果顯示，當歸及砂仁在高壓低溫下有最高之萃取率，而丁香則是在高溫高壓下有最高之萃取率，但是丁香在高壓低溫下亦有不錯的回收率。為了要增加科學中藥藥粉中之原始香味，本實驗也使用玉米澱粉，二氧化矽(Silicon Dioxide)，以及鎂鋁矽膠(Magnesium Aluminum Silicate)進行香味賦型劑的製造。結果顯示，以利用二氧化矽為粉末化最佳之材質，而其它二種賦型劑亦有不錯的結果。最後本實驗亦針對當歸中之指標成分Ferulic acid作定量檢測，萃取物中僅含極少量的Ferulic acid，亦即Ferulic acid並不會大量地被二氧化碳所萃取出來。總括而言，超臨界二氧化砍萃取除可提供快速及有效的油性物質及香味成分的萃取外，亦可利用玉米澱粉當作賦型劑，將香味回添入科學藥粉中，當然亦可使用二氧化矽吸附香味及油性成分當作食品添加劑及化粧品之香料成分，其經濟效益頗有其潛力。

By suing supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE CO2), we extracted essential oils from Angelicae Radix, Amomi Semen, and Caryophylli Flos. In this study, four different extraction conditions were used. They were (1) 1500 psi, 40℃; (2) 3000 psi, 40℃; (3) 1500 psi, 60℃; and (4) 3000 psi, 60 ℃. Results revealed that the Angelicae Radix and the Amomi Semen had the highest yield of essential oil in the condition of high pressure and low temperature. Even though, the Caryophylli Flos had the highest extraction yield of essential oil in the condition of high pressure and high temperature, there was a comparable yield at the high pressure and low temperature. In order to preserve the flavor, as in the fresh Chinese herbs during the process of powdering, we also evaluated the possibility of three different absorbance materials to absorb and preserve the extracted essential oils. They were; corn starch, silicon dioxide, and magnesium aluminum silicate. From the results, the silicon dioxide was the best absorbance material for the essential oil. Finally, we also quantified the amount of the ferulic acid from the extracted oil of Angelicae Radix. There was very little ferulic acid found in the oils. It implies that the ferulic acid is not extractable out of Angelicae Radix. Overall, SFE CO2 can extract essential oil fast and efficiently from Chinese traditional herbs and by using silicon dioxide as the oil absorber, the flavor can be preserved and readded back into the powder forms of the Chinese traditional formula. In addition, the mixture of essential oil and silicon dioxide can be used as a food additive and, in the cosmetic industry.