中藥方劑三黃及大黃黃連瀉心湯中黃連成分之定量研究

Quantitative Analysis of Coptis and Rhubarb Combination and Rhubarb Combination

三黃瀉心湯含大黃、黃芩與黃連，大黃黃連瀉心湯含大黃與黃連，兩方劑的醫療目標略有不同，本文以黃連的藥效成分藥根鹼、黃連鹼、巴馬亭、小藥鹼為指標，採討不同配伍不同炮炙品對方劑綜合生物鹼含量的影響。黃連大黃黃芩各一份共煮，湯液中四成分含量大幅減少，其中藥根鹼減少70.67%，黃連鹼減少73.52%，巴馬亭減少62.34%，小蘗鹼減少74.61%，但沈澱卻增為原來的三至六倍，附著在藥渣上的成分也有數倍的增加。大黃黃連各一份共煮，發現濾液中各成分分別減少四至五成，但沈澱增為原來的二至三倍，經分析主要是alkaloids-sennosides的複合物。黃芩黃連合煮，濾液中的藥根鹼和巴馬亭分別減少五至四成，黃連鹼和小蘖鹼各減少八成，但沈澱部份則增為原來的六至九倍，而以小蘖鹼增加最多，分析結果顯示大都為alkaloids-baicalin複合物。Alkaloids-baicalin的結合速率遠高於alkaloids-sennosides。兩份大黃與一份酒炒黃連共煮，濾液中的生物鹼含量分別增加一至二成，而以藥根鹼的25.38%最多，沈澱顯著減少。大黃與鹽水炒黃連合煮，濾液中的生物鹼含量分別增加二至三成，以巴馬亭的25.16%及小蘗鹼的28.01%最多，沈澱減少。大黃與悶潤黃連共煮，濾液、藥渣、沈澱中的成分含量均教悶潤黃連單獨煎煮時少。方劑添加黃連炮炙品所得的綜合生物鹼成分含量比添加生黃連高；各生物鹼的絕對抽取量，黃連炮炙品中以悶潤處理者最高，酒炙品次之，鹽水炙品較差，方劑則以添加酒炒黃連最佳，其餘兩者大略相等。

The herbal formulas Coptis and Rhubarb Combination (composed of Rhei Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma) and Rhubarb Combination (composed of Rhei Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma) are indicated for different therapeutic purposes. In this study we used the active constituents of Coptidis Rhizoma-jatrorrhizine, coptisine, palmatine and berberine, as the indexing constituents to investigate the influence of different formulations and different processed samples on the contents of total alkaloids in the formulas under study. As Coptidis Rhizoma, Rhei Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix, one part each, were decocted together, the contents of the four constituents were greatly reduced, where of jatrorrhizine was reduced by 70.67%, coptisine, 73.52%, palmatine, 62.34%, and berberine, 74.61%. However, the contents in precipitates were three to six times as much as that in the original herb's. Amounts of constituents adsorbed on the dregs also increased several times. As Rhei Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma, one part each, were decocted together, the individual constituents were found to have been reduced by 40-50% in the filtrate. But those in precipitates increased to twice or thrice the original. Analysis found that the precipitates contained chiefly alkaloids-sennosides complexes. As Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma were decocted together, jatrorrhizine and palmatine in the filtrate were reduced by 50 and 40% respectively, and coptisine and berberine each reduced by 80%. But the contents in precipitates increased to six to nine times as much as the original, whereof berberine increased most. Analytical result showed that they were mostly alkaloids-baicalin complexes. The rate of association of alkaloids-baicalin was far higher than that of alkaloids-sennosides. As two parts of Rhei Rhizoma were decocted with one part of wine stir-baked Coptidis Rhizoma, the contents of alkaloids in the decoction filtrate increased by 10 to 25%, whereof, jatrorrhizine increased 25.38%, the highest of all. Whereas precipitates' contents were reduced. As Rhei Rhizoma and brine stir-baked Coptidis Rhizoma were decocted together, alkaloids in the filtrate increased by 20-30%, whereof palmatine and berberine increased most, 25.16% and 28.01% respectively. But compounds in precipitates were reduced. As Rhei Rhizoma and hermetically moistened Coptidis Rhizoma were decocted together, contents of constituents in the filtrate, dregs and precipitates were all reduced than when the hermetically moistened Coptidis Rhizoma was decocted alone. Formulas incorporating processed Coptidis Rhizoma yielded higher contents of constituents than the same formulas incorporating unprocessed Coptidis Rhizoma. In terms of the absolute extraction yield of the individual alkaloids among processed Coptidis Rhizoma samples, hermetically moistened sample had the highest yield, next was wine processed sample and the brine processed sample had the lowest yield. Formulas incorporating wine processed Coptidis Rhizoma gave the best yield; whereas, formulas incorporating the other two samples produced about the same.