我國少年性侵害被害人報案因素之研究

The Research of Reporting Factors of Adolescent Sexual Assault Victims in Taiwan

本研究根據Allen（2007）經濟學分析報案的角度，利用社會支持因素和司法正義因素來解釋性侵害被害人的報案行為。本研究的195個樣本，12－18歲強制性侵害或猥褻的被害人，是先經過通報後到社政單位，接受後續協助的個案，在此樣本的報案率是偏高的，達81.5%。但是依據我國刑法第16篇對性侵害規定是非告訴乃論，既然已經通報，報案率應該是100%才是理想。本研究的目的即是想揭開在台灣性侵害被揭曉仍不願意報案困境的背後，影響被害人報案的因素為何。本研究發現影響報案的兩個重要因素如Allen所提：司法正義因素與社會支持因素。加害人若已成年，則少年被害人通常不需諮詢，就直接報案。有經濟困難的被害人，在接受社工諮詢之後，則傾向報案。有18.5%未報案者，他們的理由可以歸類為五大原因，依序是：證據力不足因素（30.3%）、社會支持不足因素（21.4%）、創傷因素（21.4%）、關係考量因素（16.0%）及不覺得受害（10.7%）。

This research is based on the economic analyses of rape reporting by Allen (2007), which explained the factors of rape reporting decisions by social support or legal justice. Our research sample is 195 adolescent rape victims aged 12-18, which was first reported to the social agency for assistance, hence its reporting rate was high to 81.5%. However, since sexual assault from chapter 16 of penal code is mandatory reporting, the reporting rate should be 100%. The purpose of this research is to find out the difficulty of rape reporting after disclosure, the reasons behind rape reporting in Taiwan. This research discovered two important factors as Allen proposed, the legal justice and social support factors. If the assailant is an adult, then the adolescent victims will likely go directly to report the crime to the police without any legal consultation. If the victims came from financially difficult families, they will likely first accept social worker’s consultations, then going to the police to report. For those 18.5% non-reporting victims, their five reasons ranged from lack of evidentiary factor (30.3%), lack of social support factor (21.4%), trauma factor (21.4%), relational concerns factor (16.0%) and lack of victims’ perception (10.7%).