錢謙益與'茶陵詩派'的構建

Qian Qianyi and the Formation of the 'Chaling School of Poetry'

明、清之際，在反'七子'的潮流中出現了一支生力軍，這就是以錢謙益為代表的虞山詩派。錢氏抨擊復古派，必牽連詆諆竟陵派，蓋以鍾、譚雖異于李、王，卻走入魔道，每況愈下。因此，他一方面注意網羅明季不滿於七子的詩家，另一方面產生了越過七子、竟陵而上溯于李東陽的訴求。他出於自身的門戶之見，刻意造作出一個以李氏為中心的詩歌流派，用與前七子對立，從而為'茶陵派'的提法奠定了重要基礎。經過他的大力鼓吹，入清以來，李東陽重新為論者所關注。影響所及，不但使李氏在與七子派的比較中，幾乎轉趨上風，而且由《四庫全書》的纂修者確認了'茶陵詩派'的提法，遂致淆亂了後人對明代詩歌發展的認識，流毒訖今猶烈。

During the period of dynastic change from Ming to Qing, there emerged a new force in the literary circle, namely the 'Yu Shan School of Poetry' headed by Qian Qianyi, amidst the trend of opposing the 'Seven Masters' then occurred in China. In his attack on the 'Restoration' or ' Back to the ancients' school, Qian inevitably involved in the defaming of the 'Jingling School', because the thought of Zhong and Tan, although differed from that of Li and Wang, happened to go astray at that time and was steadily on the decline. He acted to enlist the poetic schools then not in accord with the 'Seven Masters' on one hand, and tried to bypass the latter to trace back in appeal to Li Dongyang, on the other. Arising from their own sectarian bias, they deliberately and sedulously ' made up' a poetical sect centered upon Li so as to lay the foundation for the formation of the 'Chaling School' in opposition to that of the 'Seven Masters'. By effort of his energetic preaching and advocating, Li Dongyang became much of scholastic concern when China entered the Qing epoch, the repercussion being such that Li became quite over the 'Seven Masters' in fame and scholastic position. What is more, inasmuch as the entity of the 'Chaling School' was enlisted in 'Complete library in the Four Branches of Literature ' by its authoritative compilers, the later generations were thus plunged into confusion over the understanding of the genuine development of Ming poetry. Its pernicious influence was seen aggravated by its extension to the present day.