臺灣總督府公文檔案建築仕樣書中木材應用之研究

The Application of Timber Materials in Specifications of Official Documents of Former Taiwanese Governor General’s Office

台灣總督府公文檔案新建工程仕樣書是瞭解台灣建築史的重要原始資料，從中可發現總督府等官方應用不同木材、以及幾種木材防腐、防蟻藥劑之狀況。然而，其保存狀況不完整，因而難以窺見當時官方用材情況的全貌。為了瞭解全貌，必須輔以其他資料。本研究藉由討論總督府等官方發動木質材料之相關研究動機、成果及影響，並藉由比較台灣總督府公文檔案新建工程仕樣書與官方研究文獻，推測官方不同時期之用材態度。研究發現，總督府發起木質材料之相關研究的目的，除欲解決木質材料在台灣受到白蟻侵蝕的問題外，還與總督府貿易政策、用材政策脫離不了關係。如總督府於1916 年對外發佈福州杉為具耐蟻性質的材料，其實可能與總督府南進政策下欲拓展在福州地區的貿易，乃至於經濟勢力有關。另一方面，隨著防腐、防蟻藥劑的發展，根據總督府公文檔案建築仕樣書中所見用材現象，可發現耐蟻性木材研究的結果未必完全影響官方的用材選擇。但台灣紅檜是例外之一，因其耐蟻性質逐漸獲得確認與共識，台灣紅檜遂逐漸成為因無法施以木材防腐、防蟻藥劑等構造部位之主要用材。

The specifications of Official Documents of Former Taiwanese Governor General’s Office, containing the information of types of timber materials and preservative had been applied on the official buildings by officials, are important materials for the architectural history of Taiwan. However, they are not well persevered so that researchers are hard to understand a whole picture of the official timber using from it. In order to understand a whole picture, researchers have to analyses other materials. This article analyses the studies of timber materials launched by Taiwanese Governor General’s Office and compares them with the specifications of Official Documents of Former Taiwanese Governor General’s Office in order to answer how the Official government applied the timber materials on their buildings, and the purpose of conducting the official studies as well as the results and the influence of those official documents. Regarding the reason why Taiwanese Governor General’s Office conducted those studies, this article shows that except trying to solve a problem of termite, the reveal of the anti-termite property corresponded to the government’s timber trade policy. China-fir was an example, which was revealed as an anti-termite timber material in 1916. While it may just a part of Taiwanese Governor General’s Office’s South China Policy, for the governments propose to increae trad quantity beteen Taiwan and Fuzhou, by means to develop economic power in South China. So it was the official trade policy, not studies, really affects the materials used by the government. In addition, due to the development and application of preservative, the anti-termite studies did not really have impact on the material choosing. One exception was Taiwan Red Cypress. Because Taiwan Red Cypress was acknowledged as a well anti-termite species by those studies, it became the dominate material adopted on the building parts where were unable to be preservative added.