都市高層集合住宅社區的老人社區照顧服務據點與老人社會網絡、社會支持之研究：以臺南市長榮社區為例

A Research on Social Network, and Social Support of the Community Care Center for the Elderly in High Rise Apartment Buildings: A Case Study of Chang-Ron Community in Tainan City, Taiwan

面對都市高層集合住宅社區人口高齡化的狀況，近年來政府鼓勵社區組織設置老人社區照顧服務據點，此種屬社區組織參與經營提供社區居民經常性使用的服務供給方式與福利設施，是否能協助老人在據點內建構起新的社會網絡與社會支持，及所呈現的特質是本研究所關切的課題。研究以文獻研究建立基礎研究架構，並以台南市長榮社區此一擁有23 棟14 層樓高層集合住宅，且已設置據點達三年的社區進行個案研究。個案研究以問卷調查法與訪談法收集資料，並以歸納法對調查所獲得成果進行分析與討論。研究成果顯示據點能使老人建構社會網絡與獲得社會支持，並呈現下列特質：1. 老人外出活動內涵的充實。2. 熟識者網絡短時間內的建構。3. 交叉熟識者網絡的形成。4. 補充家庭照顧不足的服務。5. 多面向社會支持的提供。6. 社區志工多重角色的扮演。此類特質呈現出高層集合住宅社區環境，在不同社區設施服務供給方式上，應可藉由社區組織積極推動社區居民的參與及管理，帶動社會網絡與社會支持的形成，使其亦能有此六項特質呈現；此有助於老人在地老化的實現，並可做為社區計畫中對於硬體設施與軟體服務規劃提供的參考。

In the face of an increasingly older population living in high-rise apartment buildings, and the difficulty the elderly may have in establishing a supportive social network, the government encourages community organizations to utilize facilities available for public use as 'the spots', at which volunteers provide elderly care services. This research will focus on the effectiveness and characteristics of 'the spots', and specifically on one new community care center, in building up a brand new social network and social support for the elderly. The case study focuses on Chang-Ron Community in Tainan City, which has organized community care centers for three years. The results indicate that 'the spots' (1) enable the elderly to obtain care services and allow them to engages in more outdoor activities within their community; (2) assist the elderly in building up their acquaintance network and taking the initiative to obtain care services; (3) offer the elderly various types of social support and promote a healthy life in a healthy community; (4) enable volunteers to keep the elderly company and provide care services for them; (5) should incorporate the elderly’s day-to-day activities in their planning and be designed so as to fulfill the needs of the elderly for a comprehensive care service; and (6) allow volunteers to play a supporting role in the establishment of an acquaintance network and the provision of elderly care services. In conclusion, 'the spots' are able to provide valuable assistance to the elderly age and bring people of different ages together.