台灣建築隔減震技術之發展與應用

Development and Application of Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation Systems for Buildings in Taiwan

隨著國內經濟成長、社會蓬勃發展與世界潮流，加上1999 年發生921 大地震後，國人漸漸開始重視建築物的震害防治觀念，亦引進大量隔減震裝置之產品與技術。近年來由於隔減震之研究與發展趨於成熟，國內工程師亦逐漸可以依據設計規範之規定，並利用成熟之電腦分析軟體進行相關之分析設計。一般而言，減震系統可分為速度相依型及位移相依型兩種，例如三角形鋼板加勁阻尼器與低降伏鋼板減震壁等屬於位移相依型減震系統，而黏性阻尼器與黏彈性阻尼器則屬於速度相依型減震系統；另外，目前在所有隔震系統中普遍受到廣泛認可及應用的系統，基本上包括鉛心橡膠支承墊、天然橡膠支承墊與滑動隔震支承系統等。國內第一個有關建築物隔震設計規範於2002 年4 月首度正式頒布，並於2005 年7 月1 日公告施行之「建築物耐震設計規範及解說」增加了「隔震設計」與「含被動消能系統設計」之章節，期能藉由規範之訂定，不僅可確保相關設計與施工之品質，更可推動其於國內之健全發展。本文主要概述包括（1 ）國內被動控制技術之發展；（2 ）減震裝置於國內新建或修復之建築物實際應用案例；（3 ）隔震裝置於國內新建或修復之建築物實際應用案例；（4 ）國內有關被動控制規範之研擬與發展。

Applications of passive control technologies in Taiwan were very limited before the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, and have become more extensive after the earthquake. Based on the results of researches and developments during the last decade, the design formulas and computational tools are mostly readily available to the practical engineers for designing passively controlled structures. Passive energy dissipation devices, such as triangular steel plates, low-yield steel shear panels and walls, viscous dampers, viscous damping walls and viscoelastic dampers, have been applied to the new or retrofitted design of structures. For seismic isolation applications, seismic isolators such as lead rubber bearings, rubber bearings and sliding bearings have been applied to many buildings and bridges. The first official seismic isolation design code for buildings has been published by the government in April 2002, which encourages and facilitates the adoption of seismic isolation design for building structures. Furthermore, in 2005, the newly published seismic design code for buildings has been expanded from the previous version to include the structures with passive energy dissipation devices and seismic isolation systems. This paper summarizes the status of developments and applications on seismic isolation and energy dissipation technologies, as well as the development of the domestic design code. The contents of this paper include: (1) Developments of passive control technologies in Taiwan; (2) Status of applications of passive energy dissipation devices to new and retrofitted buildings; (3) Status of applications of seismic isolation systems to buildings; (4) Status of code developments for passive control technologies in Taiwan.