空間秩序、地理再現與生態政治：台灣山地資源利用／保育的歷史地理回顧

Spatial Order, Geographical Representation and Political Ecology: A Geo-historical Review of the Resource Exploitation / Conservation in the Mountain Indigenous Area of Taiwan

現代之自然資源管理也是一種空間的管理，國家透過科學的技術將這個世界轉譯成政府科層所能接收、閱讀的資訊，再將國家所希望的秩序，以分區劃界的管理方式投射到國土之上，其中，每一種分區劃界，都涉及了對地區／人群之知識的建構，也就隱藏了特定之意識型態假設與觀點。在去殖民的過程中，當對特定族群之刻板印象逐漸得以從殖民觀點中掙脫出來的同時，人們對特定空間的認知卻未必能同樣地得到解放。為達到空間論述解殖的目的，本文透過文獻回顧等方法，以台灣山地資源開發／保育之歷史為主軸，對照日治時期之「蕃人／蕃地」、國府時期之「山地／山胞」到當前「原住民／傳統領域」三組概念之演變，檢視不同時期台灣原住民族生活空間在國土秩序中被賦予之特定角色，討論其中所涉及的價值觀與意識型態，指出環繞著資源之開發／保育在山地／平地之間所建立的生態政治。最後，本文並檢視當前台灣對原住民族地區之空間政策，剖析其中如何延續了自殖民時期以來所建構之不平等的地區／人群關係。

Modern resource management is the management of space. The states collect information of the world, translate them into readable data in the government hierarchy, and project the orders planed in the government hierarchy to the real word through spatial zoning and regulating systems. All the zoning and regulating involve in constructing knowledge of certain regions and peoples. It therefore embeds certain perspectives and assumption. To compare with the abolishment of ethnic stereotype, the removal of ideological constrain of space is relatively difficult. Aiming to contribute to the decolonization of space, this paper analyzes how different terminologies refer to indigenous people and their living space were created in different historical periods, reveals the value systems and ideologies hidden behind the resource discourses in these historical periods, and points out the roles of indigenous people / place in eco-politics of resource exploitation / conservation. In the end, this paper examines contemporary spatial project toward indigenous area, and criticizes that ideological dichotomy of space created in the colonial history is still continued today.