藝術行動的去脈絡化與再脈絡化探討

Rivision of the Decontextualisation and recontextualisation of art action

藝術行動作為一種新類型的藝術創作與實踐模式並非一種與過去藝術創作文本的極端斷裂，而是有其演進的脈絡。本文企圖從現代時期藝術行動的「去脈絡化」開始探討，以進一步理解當代藝術行動「再脈絡化」的思維邏輯與其原型的形成與轉化過程。藝術行動，或者更擴延而言，「文化行動」從西方啟蒙時期以來即是一種知識份子或文化人有意識的一種社會實踐。現代主義時期或者前衛運動，甚至是與前衛運動同時期的「文化行動」，都是某種藝術行動的原型。然而當代的藝術行動與前衛運動時期的藝術行動之間一個根本的差異即是行動主體與其行為文本之間的互動情境轉變，也就是「去脈絡化」與「再脈絡化」策略轉向。本文從與前衛運動並行發展的法蘭克福學派對文化的詮釋來作為思辨基礎，並對應探討1980 年代之後德勒茲與哈伯瑪斯的詮釋之間的差異來思考文化與藝術行動從「去脈絡化」到「再脈絡化」的文本改變與策略轉向，並且回到李維史陀的人類學思想與涂爾幹的社會學方法，去思考「脈絡化」的藝術行動如何區別於前衛藝術的藝術行動，而成為一種有效，或者至少「有機」的文化行動。

Art action as a new genre of artistic creation and form of praxis is not an extreme fracture to any former art genre. It has its own evolutive process and context. This article intends to examine the (Decontextualsation) of the art action in modernism period, in order to reach further understanding about the logics of the (Recontextualisation) of contemporary art action. Also to understand the formation of its archetype and developing context. Art action, or culture action, was a conscious social engagement or praxis for intellcctuals and cultural elites. The modernism period or the Avant-Garde movement, even the (Action culturelle) of the same period are all, in a certain way, the archetype of the art action of nowadays. Nevertheless, there exists a crucial difference between the art action from Avant-Garde and contemporary art action. The evolution of condition about the interaction from the action is subject to the context of the praxis. This article examines in the first place, the discourses of the Francfurt school which has been coexisted with the Avant-Garde movement. We will try to have a further understanding about Avant-Garde from this analysis. And, we will compare the differences from such discourses to the Habermas and Deleuze discourses. The differences between these comparisons could offer methodologies that realize the conscious developement from (Decontextualisation) to (Recontextualisation). Then we will turn back to the anthropology of Levi-Strauss and sociological thinking of Durkheim to revise how the contemporary art action recontextualisation could be distinctive from the Avant-Garde movement; letting this art action become efficient or, at least, an (organic) cultural action.