華人關係互動中的緣分運作及其心理適應歷程

The Operation and Coping Process of Yuanfen in Chinese Guanxi Interaction

本文採取「一種心智，多種心態」之原則（Shweder et al., 1998），從義務與實然兩種層次中的關係主義下進行論述，亦即不只從「儒家」的差序倫理來看待關係互動，同時還從「佛家」與「道家」的觀點探討關係適應。本文提出一個「關係互動中的緣分運作與心理適應歷程模型」，說明人類共有的心理狀態，並能解釋特有的本土文化與行動。以「自我曼陀羅模型」與東西方「控制觀」做為理論發想基礎，再將「儒」、「釋」、「道」三種文化思維以及華人「天命觀」考量在內，綜合過去實徵研究發現，初步建構一個探討華人關係互動與心理適應的嘗試性理論（tentative theory），並以本土概念中的「緣」做為理論建構取徑，希冀透過此模式之建構，從文化與心理適應兩層面更深度的剖析與釐清本土人際互動中的運作機制，以更精準且契合地說明我們特有的本土關係互動全貌。

The purpose of this study is to accurately explain the panorama of distinctive relational interaction in Taiwan. Guanxi adjustment and guanxi interactions are discussed from the perspectives of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucian ethics. Based on this analysis, a model describing the operation of yuanfen (Chinese determinism) and the psychological adaptation processes in guanxi interaction is proposed. The model is used to explain shared human mentalities and to interpret specific aspects of Taiwanese behavior. Building on the results of past research, a tentative theory to describe guanxi interaction and psychological adjustment among Chinese is offered. The formulation of this theory is oriented toward the local concept of yuan (destiny). Using the theoretical model, the constructs of cultural and psychological adjustment are used to clarify the operational mechanisms of guanxi interaction.