忍的情緒調控策略與心理適應之關聯

The Relationship between Emotion Regulation Strategies in Forbearance and Psychological Adjustment

就文化獨特性而言，「忍」無疑是華人文化中相當受讚許且普遍的一種情緒調控概念。過去有關忍的研究，大多著重在忍之概念性意涵的描述，或是針對一段長時間忍歷程進行質性訪談。本研究目的即在針對忍的運用情形與個體心理適應之關聯進行實徵檢驗。從個別策略運用頻率與適應指標之相關分析顯示，個體採「隱忍式忍」與「轉移式忍」個別策略的頻率越高，對其心理適應越不利。進一步針對忍與不忍運用情況進行集群分析之結果則指出，能交互運用「直接表達」策略與「同理式忍」策略者，會具有最佳的心理適應。若僅就五種忍之調控策略的運用型態進行集群分析則顯示，「同理修養型」又比「隱忍轉移型」有較佳的適應情況。本研究結果也指出華人對忍的看法並非採單一價值判斷，因為個體除了要展現收放自如的忍之拿捏外，在選擇運用忍的同時，更要能妥當運用足以提供正面影響的忍之情緒調控策略，如此才是最有利於心理適應的情緒處理模式。

Forbearance is a highly valued emotional coping tactic used in resolving interpersonal conflicts in Chinese culture. Since it is so emphasized and commonly applied in daily lives, forbearance must have significant impact on psychological adjustment. Thus, we examined the exercise of forbearance and its relation to psychological adjustment. Five forbearance practices including suppressive, avoidant, transference, empathic, and self-cultivating were distinguished and measured. 202 Taiwanese undergraduate students participated in the current study. Cluster analyses showed that the Flexibility with Ease group, defined as having the flexibility to express or exercise forbearance across different situations, tended to have the best psychological adjustment. Furthermore, individuals who tended to combine empathic and self-cultivating strategies demonstrated adaptive states. To sum up, forbearance can be practiced in different ways. Taking a global perspective in practicing forbearance and maintaining flexibility in behavior leads to the best psychological adjustment.