一位犯罪少女的置身所在：家的錯落與回返

The Situatedness of a Delinquent Girl:Searching for Home

本文擬藉由心理治療中的敘事資料，透過詮釋現象學分析方法，呈現出一位犯罪少女之置身所在，其中「家」之經驗——本文名之為「錯落與回返」——顯現為帶出犯罪少女生活世界與人際互動之經驗整體的主軸，以及少女如何從各式人、我衝突與混亂的生活處境，邁向整合與溝通。本研究的臨床操作是在保護管束社區處遇的運作之下，針對自願來談的犯罪少女佳美（假名）實施為期半年，每週兩次的「密集諮商方案」。本研究在文本分析過程中暫時擱置精神分析論述，而從現象學的角度描述佳美在心理治療過程中的動態成長過程，並以此案例重新解明幾個重要的精神分析理論觀點，如此所獲得的瞭解，並非推翻了精神分析的論述，而是鍛鍊了精神分析論述在本土心理現象上的意涵。研究結果發現：相映於孤單且空洞的真實家庭生活處境，犯罪少女佳美生活中發展出了「擬似」家庭的關係型態。佳美的擬似家庭關係之中同時有家人關係與男女關係這兩條軸線的運作，凸顯了佳美置身所在：「家的錯落」。隨著心理治療進展以及擬似家庭的中介，佳美經驗到父愛的失落；在擬似家庭的生活經驗實在化之後，佳美重新和真實家庭之親人建立情感連結，最終回返其家庭生活與學校世界，由此標示出佳美置身所在：「家的回返」。佳美違犯行為背後反映的是一個孩子生活秩序的混亂以及自我價值的迷失；習慣性蹺家行為背後反映的則是一個孩子對於家人關係與家庭歸屬的渴望與追尋。

This article uses hermeneutic phenomenology and data from psychoanalytic therapy to present a 16 year old female juvenile delinquent's growth process, which was termed searching for home. Jia-mei (a pseudonym) participated in a counseling regime two times a week for half a year. As her own family left her feeling lonely and empty, Jia-mei developed a transitional family life of her own within her circle of friends. It included not only a semi-family relationship, but also a love relationship. Her growth occurred through insight into her experiences with her transitional family as she came to realize the loss of her father's love in a psychoanalytic sense. Jia-mei then rebuilt links with her real family members and returned to her family and school life. Jia-mei's offensive behaviors reflected her pursuit of and desire for family relationships as well as a sense of belonging. Significant perspectives regarding psychoanalytic theory are clarified. The analysis strengthens the argument for the relevance of psychoanalysis with respect to Taiwanese psychological phenomenon.