學齡前兒童之父母的共親職與親職感受的關係

The Relationship of Coparenting to Parenting Feelings among Preschool Children’s Parents

本研究主要目的是探究父母共親職與親職感受的現況、差異和關聯。研究對象為居住於大台北地區家有5至6歲學前兒童的父母，共計622對。本研究結果有幾項重要發現，首先，幼兒父母雙方均感受到配偶相當程度的支持，且有相當程度的親職參與，同時幼兒父母所感受各面向的親職壓力程度並不高，且對於自己扮演父母的角色有相當程度的滿意和整體幸福感受。至於父母的差異，父親感受母親的支持程度高於母親感受父親的支持，母親在親職參與多於父親，而母親在幼兒教養、生活調適、人際互動壓力高於父親，且整體幸福感受的程度比父親低。至於共親職和親職感受的關聯，總括而言，對父母整體親職壓力來說，抵制是個重要因素，父母感受配偶的抵制程度越高，其各面向的親職壓力都會增加。相對的，教養聯盟、親職分工是親職正向感受的重要因素，父母感受配偶的支持程度越高、抵制程度越低、親職分工參與越高、評估配偶親職分工參與越高，父母角色滿意程度越高、整體幸福感受也越高。而母親同時互動越高，其角色滿意程度越高、整體幸福感受也越高。

This study examines the association between coparenting (the degree to which parents perceive spousal support or undermining with respect to their childrearing practices) and parental feelings about parenting. Participants were 622 pairs of Taiwanese parents with children between 5 and 6 years old. All were married to the biological parent of the child; no step-families were included. Participants responded to measures of parenting alliance, parental involvement (i.e., division of labor in childcare and the amount of time of interaction with the child), and parenting stress and satisfaction. Analysis showed that parents tended to perceive a supportive parenting alliance and have a high level of involvement. They felt a low level of parenting stress and a high level of role satisfaction and happiness. Fathers felt they had a higher level of spousal support than mothers. Mothers were the main caregivers and they felt a higher level of parenting stress regarding child rearing, life adjustment, and social interaction, and a lower level of happiness than fathers. Parents' perception of the level of spousal undermining was an important factor contributing to all aspects of parenting stress. The perception of a supportive parenting alliance and high division of labor in childcare contributed to positive feelings about parenting. Mothers' perceptions of the amount of time spent on father-mother-child interaction contributed to maternal positive feelings about parenting.