儒家社會中的生活目標與角色義務

Life Goals and Role Obligation in Confucian Society

本論文旨在回顧「華人本土心理學研究追求卓越計畫」第二分項計畫中與「儒家社會中之生活目標」有關的實徵研究。本論文首先提出一項實徵研究，說明在儒家社會中套用西方研究典範，可能遭遇到的局限。接著根據黃光國於二○○二年至二○○三年所做的另一項實徵研究，將儒家社會中的生活目標分為：縱向傑出、橫向傑出、及自我肯定三大類，並提出一個概念架構，說明這三大類目標在父母要求、師長期待、同儕競爭、社會價值、個人價值、選擇自由、選擇理由、成敗歸因及自我呈現等方面的不同。其後，本論文回顧該分項計畫中根據此一概念架構所完成的一系列實徵研究，並特別強調儒家社會中「努力」對實踐個人角色義務所具有的道德意義。我們希望：本論文所提供的研究模式，能夠為華人本土心理學的研究開闢出一條新的可行途徑。

This article is aimed to review major findings of a series of empirical research on issues related to life goals which had been conducted in the second topical project of the master project entitled 'In search of excellence for Chinese indigenous psychological research'. An empirical research was first cited in this paper to illustrate the limitation of duplicating Western paradigm of psychological research in Confucian society. Based on another empirical research accomplished by Hwang (2003), a conceptual framework was proposed to classify life goals in Confucian society into three categories, namely, vertical distinctiveness, horizontal distinctiveness, and personal goal, and to discuss the differences among these three categories of life goals in terms of parental request, teacher's expectation, peer competition, social values, personal values, freedom of choice, reasons for choice, self-attribution following success or failure, and self-presentation. Finally, a series of empirical research accomplished with a reference to this framework were reviewed, and the specific moral meaning of effort for practicing one's role obligation was discussed. It is expected that the research paradigm presented in this article may provide an example for developing indigenous Chinese psychology in the future.