通識教育：從知識到智慧的進階

General Education: From Knowledge to Wisdom Advanced

知識與智慧存在區別，中西方哲學和語言中都包含有對兩者的區別。按照這種區別，可將教育劃分為「專知教育」、「專識教育」和「通識教育」三種境界；也可將人才劃分為「專知人才」、「專識人才」和「通識人才」三種境界，而「通識教育」、「通識人才」屬於最高境界。通識教育不是「通學教育」或「通知教育」，而是試圖實現從知識向智慧的進階，它本質上是一種素質教育、智慧型教育。通識教育是對應試教育和知識化教育的超越，其宗旨在於開啟智慧。在中國哲學中，智慧的重要含義是指人的聰明才智、道法等；在西方哲學中，智慧的重要含義是指整體和諧、節制、適度等。單從科學知識的創造、形成和應用過程來看，可以將智慧區分為創造知識的實踐中所包含的智慧、應用知識的實踐中所包含的智慧以及知識本身所包含的智慧等三個層面。推進通識教育，要求轉變教育功能、凸顯學科之間的聯繫、堅持「全員通識教育」理念、關注科學研究的實踐邏輯並貼近生活世界。

The difference between knowledge and wisdom exists in philosophy and language, regardless of the east or the west According to this distinction, education can be divided into three levels: professional knowledge education, specialized education and general education. Talent can also be divided into three categories: professional knowledge talent, specialized talent and general talent. Among those, general education and the general talent belong to highest level. General education doesn't mean learning everything or know everything. Instead, it tries to achieve the advancement from knowledge to wisdom, the essence of which is quality-oriented education and intelligent education. General education is the transcendence of exam-oriented education and knowledge education, which aims to develop wisdom. In Chinese philosophy, the important meaning of wisdom refers to a person's intelligence-Tao-testimonies and so on. In western philosophy, the important meaning of wisdom refers to the overall harmonious, temperance, moderation and etc. Only from the creation, formation and application process of scientific knowledge, wisdom can be divided into three levels. The three levels include the wisdom contained in creating practical knowledge, practical application of knowledge and knowledge itself. To promote the development of general education, it requires changes in educational function as well as highlighting the link between the disciplines, besides, it also needs to adhere to the concept that everyone will get general education and to concern the practice of logic and science in the world.