南非轉型正義的反思－－試以約翰．羅爾斯正義論的原初立場析論之

Reflections on Transitional Justice in South Africa: An Analysis in Accordance with Original Position Developed in John Rawls's Theory of Justice

是甚麼樣的歷史背景讓一個國家的多數人口可以被歧視數世紀？又是甚麼樣的歷史情境讓一個國家的少數人口可以合理化的執行種族歧視政策數世紀？是甚麼樣的時空環境讓一個被歧視數世紀的族群在最後選擇寬恕？又是甚麼樣的轉型過程讓一個陷於紛亂的國家坦然面對歷史？在邁向轉型正義的過程中，是否有一個理論架構可以支撐轉型正義的精神與核心價值？此理論架構是否可以解釋南非和解型轉型正義的實務運作？筆者以為約翰．羅爾斯正義論的原初立場或許是一個適當的理論架構去解釋南非的轉型正義。

Under what historical context were the majority of the population discriminated against for centuries? Under what historical circumstances did the minority of the population rationalized carry out apartheid policy for centuries? Under what background did they choose forgiveness after being discriminated for centuries? Under what transitional process did a chaos state choose to face the miserable history? In the due process of transitional justice, is there a theoretical framework to support the spirit and core value of transitional justice? Can this theoretical framework explain the experimental results of the restorative justice? The author argues that the Original Position developed by John Rawls's Theory of Justice might be a proper framework for explaining transitional justice in South Africa.