水利建設對文化地景的改變之研究：以百年來桃園縣為例

A Study of the Transformation of Cultural Landscape with the Viewpoint of Irrigation Constructions by the Example of Taoyuan County throughout the Century(1900-2000)

國際學術界已經有以水利建設為焦點探討其與國家發展之關係，鑒於水利建設成為百年興業，可能歷經不同的統治集團的努力而以為之，在國際上即以政治、經濟、文化與工程的角度觀察在不同國家開發上所引發的種種影響。回顧在台灣的城鄉發展歷程中途經清領、日治、國民政府等時期，不同階段的水利建設： 公圳、桃園埤圳系統、嘉南大圳、石門水庫等，其實已經對於台灣城鄉地景的改變造成極大的改變，多年來國內外自然有許多研究對此多所著墨，本文僅就百年來在桃園縣水利建設所產生的文化地景改變提出個人看法，清代在台地上開鑿的無數埤塘；日治時期在山地所興築的水圳、與在台地興修桃園大圳，輕便車道等；光復初期的石門水庫、石門大圳的興建都讓桃園縣的地景上產生改變，而這些改變的過程累積出許多政治、經濟、文化與工程的意義，故形成具有豐富故事性的地景，對文化地景故事的解讀遂也成為本文研究的要旨。本文研究方法，除利用既有文獻外，更重要的引用筆者長期（1999－2012）田野調查資料做為研究主體。

There are numerous studies regarding the relationship between the irrigation construction and national development worldwide. Since that most of irrigation construction projects might not be finished within the sole political regime, it takes more regimes to finish the whole projects. Political, economical, cultural and engineering viewpoints are taken to review the impacts as far as the national developments are concerned. In retrospect the development in Taiwanese history, the various political regimes had managed some major irrigation construction projects respectively. There are Qing's local irrigation channel, Taoyuan irrigation channel, Jia-nan grand irrigation channel in Japanese's period, and Shimen Dam and Shimen irrigation channel in Nationalist regime. These major irrigation constructions had eventually made some dramatic changes. The aim of this paper is emphasized the impacts of the cultural landscape in which the meanings are erected as the result of the construction of those irrigation projects within the ten decades development. Regarding the research methods, in addition to the existed literatures, the long term (1999-2012) field survey by the author has built the main frame of this paper.