建築物火災避難弱者避難影響因子及人因數據調查之研究

A Study on the Affecting Factors and Ergonomics of Building Fire Weakness Evacuation

本研究為加強建築研究所驗證技術手冊的廣度與實用性，透過避難弱者影響因子與相關人因數據調查，建置本土化數據資料，作為提升建築物防火避難安全性能驗證技術之參考。研究方法為文獻探討、訪談及實地量測。經訪談結果顯示老人與病患避難行動協助需求及輔具需求，透過實地量測結果則獲得避難弱者火災避難的前置準備時間、水平步行速度、背負垂直避難速度及爬梯機垂直避難速度相關數據。本研究並將相關數據整理成人因數據表，並建議研擬相對安全避難據點的安全避難對策，或提升就地避難及待援能力。

This study is to enhance the application and practicability of the Technical Guide line on the Verification of Performance-based Fire Evacuation in Buildings published by Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior. The main purpose is to set up a localization data as a reference to be suitable for use of the guideline by examining the related factors and data for weakness evacuation. The literature review, interviews and field measurement are carried out in this study. The information for the necessary assistance of evacuation action and aid tool for the elders and patients are gained through interviews. Different types of pro-movement time, horizontal travel time, and vertical rescue provided by caregivers such as the care worker carrying the elderly person and egress descending chairs are also estimated for total evacuation time from the building. A reference data sheet is made by integrating the achievements of relevant researches to develop the evacuation countermeasures for long term cares. Finally, the concepts of defense-in-place and refugee area are also proposed and discussed to improve the capabilities of evacuation and rescue in weakness occupancies.