臺北市都會社區防災管理實務推動

Management and promotion of disaster-resilient community in Taipei city

臺灣因地理環境特殊，成為天然災害頻繁的地區，經常遭受地震或颱風等自然災害的侵襲，造成重大人員傷亡及鉅大財物損失，再加上全球暖化效應引發的極端氣候事件不斷，導致災害發生頻率及嚴重程度持續增加。爰此，災害防救不僅是政府施政的重要議題，亦是國人必須審慎面對之生活課題。為能喚起全民危機意識及對社區安全的重視，近年來政府積極推廣以社區為主體的防救災體系，期藉由民眾自發主動參與及合作，落實具體防災整備作為，強化地方基層之防救災能量。我國雖已逐步形成社區防災之推動風氣，但防災主體中之社區民眾尚未能與政府推動的主軸接軌，以致推動執行成效不彰之情形發生，故社區防災理念與實務探討益形重要。本文採質性個案分析，運用參與觀察法、行動研究的反思等方法，進行資料蒐集與實證剖析，輔以研究者實地參與協助社區防災之經驗，觀察案例社區進行防災整備之過程。最後，依文獻理論支撐基礎，分別從因應策略、運籌管理及組織行為等構面，擴展歸納影響都會層級社區災害防救工作推動之關鍵因素，並據以提出改善雛議，作為未來相關單位強化推動社區防災與發展策略之參酌。

Due to special geographical environment, Taiwan is a natural disaster-prone area, which often suffersfrom earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters, resulting in heavy casualties and huge property losses. Furthermore, effect of global warming increases extreme climate events and leadsto frequent and severenatural disasters. Therefore, disaster prevention and response arenot only an important issue of government policy, but also a critical issue of people’s life. Rather than over-reliance on government assistance, the spontaneous participation and co-operation by people can complete specific disaster preparedness and reinforce local energy of disaster prevention and response.Although the concept of disaster-resilientcommunity (DRC) has been shaped for a period of time, residents in the community cannot keep up the pace withgovernment, which may decrease the effectiveness of DRC development. Thus, the study of theory and practice of urban DRC become an imperativeneed. This article is a qualitative case study, which usesthe participant observationand self-reflectioninaction research methodsto collect relevant informationfor empirical validation. Particularly,this article is supplemented by service work experience in DRC promotion by the researchers. According to the qualitative analyses of case communities during training process of disaster prevention and preparedness, we can identifythecritical factors affecting the level of community-based disaster prevention and protection works. Based on the literature and empirical supports, thefactorsare discussedthrough three spindle constructs respectively, namelycoping strategy, operations managementand organizational behavior. The findings of this studycan be used to makeconclusions andsuggestions forrelated authority insustainably promoting DRC.