論明代竹枝詞寫作題材之變化

A Study on Changes in Writing Materials of Bamboo Poetry in the Ming Dynasty

以反映地方風俗民情及特色文化的竹枝詞，自唐代以迄於明代，作品的題材產生了許多變化。就明代竹枝詞而言，有部分作品還是循著前人的腳步，在前人的題材上繼續發揮，另外一部分的作品，則產生鮮明的變化。這部分的作品又可概分成兩類，一類是在明代才新開創的題材，在前朝不曾出現過，這部分包含譯語類竹枝詞、月令類竹枝詞及燈市類竹枝詞；另一類的作品，其題材在前代出現得非常少，甚至在現存文獻中僅出現過一篇作品，但在明代卻開始蓬勃發展，數量顯著地增加，這類作品有節慶類竹枝詞、神仙類竹枝詞及題畫類竹枝詞。研究明代竹枝詞的題材變化，可以協助我們了解竹枝詞在文學發展史上所產生的質變與量變，也有助於我們了解唐、宋、元、明時期，百姓生活文化的若干內容，這在文學、社會學、民俗學與歷史學上，都能做出貢獻。就本文的研究發現，探討明代竹枝詞的題材變化，至少具有下列四點意義：一、能為清代某些竹枝詞的發展，找出脈絡與源頭；二、透過本文所探討的詩作，可以了解某些地方特有的生活形態，為後人研究各地方文化，提供豐富的材料；三、從本文所探討的詩作中，可以看到明代竹枝詞的某些發展趨勢；四、可看到明代竹枝詞詩家對於前代詩人的學習及反動。

The writing materials of bamboo poetry, which reflect local customs, characteristics, and culture, changed a lot from the Tang Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty. Taking the bamboo poetry in the Ming Dynasty as an example, some works still followed the footsteps and continued with the writing materials of predecessors, while other works changed significantly. The changed works can generally be divided into two categories. The first category includes materials created in the Ming Dynasty, which never appeared in previous dynasties, including bamboo poetry of translation, that of Yueling, and that of Dengshi. The other category includes materials which rarely appeared in previous dynasties. Only one work could be found among the existing literature. However, these materials started to thrive in the Ming Dynasty, and the numbers significantly increased. This category of works includes the bamboo poetry of festivals and gods, as well as that of Tihua. The investigation of changes in writing materials of bamboo poetry in the Ming Dynasty can help clarify changes in quality and quantity of bamboo poetry in the history of literary development, and elucidate several aspects of the life and culture of citizens in the Tang, Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties, thus contributing to our understanding of literature, sociology, folklore, and history. To be more specific, this study makes four meaningful contributions: ) we reveal the context and source of development of certain works of bamboo poetry in the Qing Dynasty; ) this study contributes to our understanding of the unique lifestyle in certain places based on the works investigated here, which can provide abundant information for future studies on the cultures of various places; ) we trace certain developmental trends in bamboo poetry in the Ming Dynasty based on the works investigated here; ) this study observes how poets of bamboo poetry in the Ming Dynasty learn from and react to poets of previous dynasties.