健身運動情境中的自我對話：理論與未來研究發展

Self-talk in the Context of Exercise: Theory and Development for Future Research

過去有關自我對話的研究大部分著重在競技運動的領域中。然而，自我對話在健身運動的領域中卻是鮮少被提及。自我對話在健身運動可帶來許多好處，包括：一、幫助技巧的學習和進步；二、自信心及自我效能的建立；三、增加健身運動者持續付出努力及創造；四、改變健身運動時的情緒狀態等。而過去探討自我對話相關的理論相當豐富，包含了：一、注意力的基礎；二、訊息處理論；三、自我效能理論；四、口語自我調解理論；五、意象概念。Hardy（2006）指出，自我效能理論似乎是與自我對話的概念最有關連。目前針對健身運動領域自我對話的研究可追朔至2001年Gammage，Hardy，與Hall的研究。然而，對於健身運動者自我對話的分類則是直接從運動員自我對話內容轉換而來的，對於健身運動情境中不同於競技運動情境的自我對話內容並沒有深入的探討。本文除針對過去競技與健身運動的自我對話研究進行深入文獻探討之外，也建議未來研究可以針對健身運動者自我對話的內涵做深入的瞭解，並且發展健身運動者自我對話相關量表，以期應用自我對話的效益發揮在健身運動情境中。

Past studies on self-talk mainly focused on competitive sports. Very few study to talk about exercise self-talk. However, participation in exercise can also be greatly improved with self-talk included (1) improve skill learning; (2) establish self-confidence and self-efficacy; (3) maintain persistence; and (4) create and change the fitness of emotional state. The theory of self-talk related to (1) attention theory; (2) information processing; (3) self-efficacy theory; (4) verbal theory of self-regulation; and (5) imagery. Hardy (2006) indicated that self-efficacy theory seem to be most related to self-talk. Currently, research on self-talk in the field of exercise can be traced back to 2001 with a study by Gammage, Hardy and Hall where classifications for exercisers' self-talk, were derived directly from the content within and variance in self-talk content between scenarios of exercise and of competitive sports were not investigated further. Other than further examination of past research on self-talk in aforementioned scenarios, the present study also suggests that future research could focus on gaining a deeper understanding of exercisers' self-talk, as well as on the development of relevant scales with the intention of applying self-talk during fitness exercise for its beneficial results.