健身運動對動作準備歷程的影響

The Influence of Physical Exercise on Motor Preparatory Processes

動作準備歷程對日常行為或運動表現是很重要的。很多實徵性研究已證實認知行為的表現會受到動作準備的調節，譬如當刺激出現的時間點較能夠被預期，或是參與者提高動作準備時，他們會有較好的認知表現。近年許多研究已發現運動或有氧適能與動作準備歷程的效率有關，因此該議題對運動科學領域是相當值得深入探討的。一些研究結果發現，運動選手或有氧適能較高者，在動作準備的過程中，所需運用的注意力資源較少、能較快速地啟動準備的歷程，以及可以維持長時間動作準備歷程的效率。然而，現今的研究發現仍有不一致之處：雖然許多研究提出運動對準備歷程效益的論點，然而並非所有的研究皆在行為表現的結果（例如：反應時間）發現運動的效果，這可能是受到各研究所採用的研究工具或實驗操弄的不同所致。有鑒於尚未釐清的議題，本文建議：未來研究可藉由操弄刺激的預期，以探究運動與預期效果的交互作用，並且以腦造影或腦電波等研究工具進一步地瞭解相關的認知神經機轉。

Motor preparation plays an important role in daily life and sporting performance. Many evidence-based studies have demonstrated that motor preparation has the capacity to modulate cognitive processing, for example, individuals with enhanced motor preparation may have better task performance. Interestingly, recent studies have showed that exercise and levels of aerobic fitness is associated with efficiency of motor preparation. Accordingly, the present issue is worthy of investigating for the field of sport science. Studies found that elite athletes or individuals with higher aerobic fitness might recruit less attention resources during motor preparation, prepared to respond more quickly, and might maintain the efficiency of long-period motor preparation. However, although studies proposed the beneficial effect of exercise on the efficiency of motor preparation, their results showed inconsistent pattern at the behavioral level (e. g., reaction time). This might be due to different research designs or tools adopted from studies. Accordingly, we suggest that future studies may address the interaction between levels of motor preparation and exercise with neuroimaging or electroencephalography approaches.