有勇有謀的運動專家：專門知識影響運動表現

A sharp athlete: Expert’s knowledge influence skill performance

運動競賽過程必定包含戰術運用，才能克敵制勝，因此，如何選擇戰術將涉及一連串的認知過程，當個體的知識庫中存有豐富的專門知識，將可提升認知決策過程的速度與準確性，也較能夠解決比賽情境問題，因而有優異的運動表現。在運動情境中，運動員的知識與技能是運動表現優劣的關鍵，亦即反應選擇與反應執行兩者影響運動表現成績，故形成專家與新手可能是因為知識結構與技能的差異。本文探討運動員的行為表現與知識結構，而過去動作行為研究利用觀察工具與訪談方式深入解析運動員之運動表現，以了解專家與新手的差異，這些動作行為研究指出專家有較好的運動表現，以及複雜的知識結構，使專家能夠在極短時間內做出適當的戰術決策。

The tactics are always used within game play in order to defend the competitor and to gain the victory. However, it is a serial process of cognitions to take a decision in which tactic to achieve. An athlete of broad expertise in knowledge base enables to make cognitive decisions rapidly and accurately and to solve problems of competitive conditions easily to be an expert skill performer. Because response selections and response executions influence the outcome of sport competition, the athlete's knowledge and skill are the crux of peak performance. The difference between expert and nonexpert is the motor skill and the knowledge structure characteristics. This study reviews previous investigations of behavior performance and knowledge structure for athlete that were analyzed in the methods of observational instrument and／or interview to compare the differences between expert and novice. These literatures showed that the experts' well skill performance with knowledge structure complexly benefit they enable to make decisions for the optimal tactics and strategy immediately.