透過增強式訓練改善體操基礎動作之探討

Improvement in basic gymnastics performance through plyometric exercise

大部份的競技運動需求為高體能、高敏捷性、高爆發力、高速度、高技術和高強度。其中體能與肌力正是建立一切技術之根基。沒有良好的運動狀態，即便有再好的技術也無法完整發揮。然而增強式訓練乃普遍訓練方法之一，此訓練法對於下肢能力的提升有相當之助益。而男女競技體操8個項目當中，幾乎所有項目皆需運用下肢能力，且每個項目也必須使用到空翻技術。因此，彙整眾多學者建議增強式訓練之原理，利用一種彈性能和伸展反射機制雙重影響下，產生較大爆發力的身體機制，即所謂牽張縮短循環機制，藉此探討並嘗試整理出能增益體操基礎動作之方法。

Most athletic exercise need high-demand, high-explosive force, ability, strength, and speed. The development of athletic power and strength are the foundations of the future. If the state of good exercise is lacking, even if the technique is wonderful, the training is unable to be completed. This article discusses ways to explore training methods that can upgrade the capacity of lower limbs. In the men and women's artistic gymnastics apparatus, nearly all apparatuses must utilize the lower limb ability and each apparatus has to use the tumbling technique. Using the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) promotes the athlete lower limb ability as well as stimulates its movement performance. Therefore, the author collected and organized numerous papers on the plyometric exercise theory hoping to help and improve the gymnastics basic movement. In the future, the paper wishes to provide coaches and gymnasts a guiding principle to their development in training.