歐盟能源法制與政策的發展及限制

The European Union Energy Law and Policy - Development and Limitations

能源乃歐盟及其會員國所面臨的一項重大議題。歐盟經濟與產業的發展以及消費者的福祉，皆仰賴安全、可靠、永續及價格合理的能源。能源於2010年占歐盟溫室氣體總排放量80％。能源因此涉及歐盟的能源供應安全、能源效率、內部市場有效運作、公平競爭、經濟發展、消費者福祉、科技研發、環境保護、永續發展及對外關條等不同政策面向及互動關係。本文將討論歐盟能源政策的發展背景、法律規定、組織建制、政策目標、策略選擇、對外關條等議題，以了解歐盟能源政策的意涵、政策變遷、面臨挑戰及發展限制，同時建議歐盟宜朝共同能源政策、單一能源市場及單一對外發言等方向邁進，以有效推動及追求其能源政策目標。

Energy is one of the greatest challenges faced by the European Union (EU) and its Member States. The development of EU industries and economies, as well as the wellbeing of the people of the EU, are dependent on safe, secure, sustainable and affordable energy. At the same time, energy-related emissions accounted for almost 80% of the ED's total greenhouse gas emissions in 2010. Energy introduces different dimensions of concern related to supply security, energy efficiency, the effective operation of the internal market, fair competition, economic development, consumer welfare, technological innovation, environmental protection, sustainable development, external relations, etc. This paper examines the following core issues: the historical background, legal framework, administrative structure, major policy aims, strategic selection and external relations associated with EU energy policy. This paper also proposes the development of a common energy policy for the EU, and the establishment of a single internal energy market and a single voice to deal with the EU's external energy relations.