多元族群、多元文化與文化諮詢

Multiethnicity, Multiculturalism and Cultural Counseling

本文擬從人類學的觀點對多元民族與多元文化問題做一論說。論說分兩個層次，一是理論的層次，一是實務的層次。在理論層次上，本文主要是想把一些有關的基本概念，如民族、族群、文化、多元文化、人權及群權，做一些釐清及討論。在實務層次上，本文將摘要介紹因應新的形勢，筆者在東華大學族群關係與文化研究所創設並積極宣導的一門具高度應用性的學科－－「文化諮詢」。後者主要是透過對人類學跨文化比較方法的靈活運用，及對個別相關訊息的充分掌握，幫助有需要的個人或群體，對多元文化時代做最佳的適應。

China, as a whole, is a multiethnic country. Some regions, like Taiwan,are particularly prominent in this respect. Each ethnic group in the regionexhibits its peculiar culture and together with other ethnic groups constitute acolorful picture of multiculturalism. How does an individual and/or an ethnicgroup adapt itself to this new and ever changing situation is a highlycomplicated problem. From an anthropological point of view, this paper dealswith this problem at two levels: theoretical and pragmatical. At the theoreticallevel, it discusses a series of the concepts relevant to this problem including,such as culture, ethnic group, human rights, group rights, and multiculturalism.At the pragmatical level, it discusses the program that the author has proposedand developed in recent years, namely that of 'Cultural Counseling'. Thisprogram aims to provide individuals and/or specific groups with pragmatic adviceand schemes of actions in a multiethnic and rapidly changing society. Suchadvice and schemes are in all categories of culture, particularly thoseconcerning sentiments, values, norms, attitudes, ethics, interpersonalrelations, group relations, and religion and rituals.