臺灣區神媒的不同形態

Styles of Taiwan Area Spirit Mediums

從不同地區的初步觀察發現，臺灣民間宗教中的神媒，具有極高的變異性。本文擬就在澎湖、鹿港、金門與宜蘭等地，所見的不同形態之神媒略做敘述，並對其蘊含的意義加以討論。本文的第二節，先就澎湖常見的神媒－－乩童、鸞手及查某佛做一簡介，以做為與其他地點所見的神媒比較之基礎。第三節至第五節依序描述鹿港、金門與宜蘭的神媒。第六節即就以上數地區神媒在訓練過程、與訓練者的關係、傳達神諭的方式、誘發轉思（trance）的手段、進入轉思的自主性等各方面的同異做一比較。希望本文能夠提起人類學界對此一問題的重視，因為神媒表現的不同形態與其他重要的民間宗教理論、儀式、社會關係等等具有盤根錯節的關係。同時透過此一現象的探索，對於漢人社會文化的傳播與變遷之瞭解，也能獲得有用的線索。

From preliminary explorations in various Taiwan area locations, we candetermine that the spirit mediums of Han Taiwanese folk religion varyenormously. This paper hopes to compare the styles of mediums from Penghu,Lukang, Jinmen, and Yilan and the significance of their differences. After anintroduction, the second section briefly describes Penghu's jitong (占童), luanshou (鸞手 ), and cabobut (查某佛, female spirit mediums) . Thesedescriptions then serve as the basis for comparisons with other regions.Sections three to five describe the mediums of Lukang, Jinmen, and Yilan. Andthen section six compares training procedures, post-training relationshipsbetween mediums and trainers, how mediums spirit messages, how mediums entertheir trance states, and who controls a medium's trance. These differences areof great significance for the theology, ritual, and social relations of folkreligion. Comparing these differences may give insight into diffusions betweenand variations among regional cultures.