華北農村的生育醫學調查報告

Folk Reproductive Medicine in North China: The Cultural Constructs of Pregnancy, Delivery and Post-Natal Care

本文是根據在山東省一個農村所做田野調查的資料所寫成。其主要論點有幾：第一，傳統漢文化的宇宙觀對現代人仍有重要的影響。這尤其可見諸於與維持身體健康與防禦疾病等行為方面為然。第二，在民間的生育過程中，舉凡產前、產後及初生嬰兒照顧，都有一套觀念及措施，尤其是在飲食偏好或禁忌，儀式行為及病源解釋等方面最為明顯。第三，要理解這套複雜的認知體系與其具體行為之間的關係，本文認為須要通過更多深入的田野調查入手，用實証的資料來說明抽象的思維為基礎。據此，本文批評將傳統生育醫學解釋為一種儒家男性中心主義壓制婦女的工具這種說法。

Based on field data collected in rural Zhouping County, Shandong, in summer 1987, this paper analyzes folk beliefs and practices associated with pregnancy, parturition and post-natal care. Analysis of food taboos, rituals and etiology associated with reproduction provides the cultural constructs of gender identity and cosmology. This study suggests that traditional cosmological beliefs still dominate folk reproductive medicine, in spite of the availability and in-creased use of cosmopolitan medicine and facilities.