蘭嶼雅美族家屋宅地的成長、遷移與繼承

THE DEVELOPMENT, MOVE, AND INHERITANCE OF YAMI RESIDENCE

本文以野銀村現存的54戶傳統屋宅為研究對象，分析雅美族（1）各家戶為單位的住居單元成長過程；（2）各家戶自成立以來在聚落內遷移的過程與原因；（3）家屋與宅地的繼承方式。歷來對於雅美族社會結構的討論，多圍繞在‘父系世系群’問題上。而學者探討的途徑多著重由漁團的組織原則檢討‘父系群’的功能運作。本文則以上述三項分析為基礎，由宅地繼承的型態，提出‘奉養’與‘喪葬’兩項機制為財產繼承制度的基礎。所謂‘父系群宅地’的現象，也是這兩項機制運作的結果。

A traditional Yami residence compound consists of three plank-and-straw buildings. Vahay, the maindwelling, is built in the center of a partially sunk shaft-like enclosure with a terraced interior. This house is graded according to the number of entrances and transverse partitions which shows relative social status of the householder. The workshop, a pile-building grounded in a pit, is called makarang. While the main dwelling is used as a place for sleeping, cooking, storing valuables, and ceremonial purposes, the workshop is used as a living space to entertain guests, to make tools, and also as a temporal dwelling for newlywed couple. The resting platform, tagakal, is a multipurposes plain pile-building. One of the major considerations in its erection is to maintain a view of the sea. The plot to locate this compound is called sako. By usage, sako also means 'real estate' including the piece of land and the buildings.