小學中年級國語教科書中的家庭

Examining the Family Representations in Textbooks

家庭對國小學童而言是重要的生活場域，本研究分析國小中年級國語教科書中的家庭型態及家務分工，主要研究方法為內容分析，並輔以批判論述分析及教師訪談。研究結果歸納為以下：國語教科書內容與「家」之間有非常緊密的關聯，所呈現的家庭型態以核心家庭為主，呈現的非主流家庭比例偏少；核心家庭樣貌被呈現成是愛與美滿的象徵；而教科書中呈現的家務分工與親人角色，明顯呈現出刻板及性別分化的情形；教科書內文中所探討的「老家」、「清明掃墓」及「過年」等主題，反應出父系法則的家庭樣貌。考量社會現況，受訪教師認為有必要在課程與教學中加人多元文化家庭的主題，但教師們和教科書編輯者與繪圖者一樣，不免受到家庭意識形態影響，對多元文化家庭抱持尊重的態度卻也透露出些許擔憂。本研究期待能彰顯多元文化家庭議題在小學教育的重要性。

There is an urgent need for work that deals with multicultural families in curriculum development as well as teaching practices. Focusing on the issues of multicultural families, the current research seeks to empirically explore the representation of family types in textbooks. The primary purpose of this study is to analyze family types and the patterns of divisions of domestic labor represented in mandarin language textbooks of elementary schools. The researchers intend to promote the opportunities to address family issues from multicultural perspectives in the formal curriculum in the school system. The analysis is mainly based on data from content analysis and critical discourse analysis of textbooks. Additionally, the researchers interviewed five teachers who have ever used the textbooks in their classes to explore the teaching practice on family issues. The main findings of this research are as follows. First, the nuclear family which stands for happiness is still the hegemonic representation in textbooks. Secondly, the division of domestic labor is gender-stereotyped described. Finally, the patrilineal family is the dominant type so the cultural customs are practiced by people in certain ways. The article concludes that in elementary schools, students still learn many of the old lessons of gendered families which work against gender equity.