大眾社會、大眾文化與大眾休閒－－當前社會危機之一分析

Mass Society, Mass Culture and Mass Leisure: An Approach to Modern Social Crisis

「在社會中與他人共同生活的能力」，實乃保證人類得以生存及發展的最重要條件。遺憾的是這種攸關人類生存的寶貴能力在今日社會已嚴重衰退。這可能是今日人類社會所面臨最大危機之一。在變遷快速的發展中國家，這種危機尤為嚴重。本文分析現代的社會結構及文化形態，以探索此危機的基本根源。著者認為現代社會的大眾社會結構以及以此為基礎而發展的大眾文化形態，與今曰社會危機之癥結具有密切關連。大眾人的消極被動性、孤立性、無組織性；以及大眾文化的營利性、低俗性、煽情性等，使現代人喪失了主動地通過合作以改變社會或自己命運的能力。這是今日社會危機之主要根源。因此，社會大眾的教育及其性格的基本變革，乃是克服今日社會危機的基本動力。此乃本文主旨。

The ability to live together with others in a society is the essential condition of human existence and survival. Yet this vital capacity of man has been deteriorated very rapidly in modern society. This is one of the most serious social crisis we are facing today, which is especilly true in the rapid changing developing societies.The author approaches this problem by the analysis of the characteristics of the social structure and its cultural form of modern society. It is believed that the nature of mass society structure and its cultural representation--mass culture are deeply related to the roots of above mentioned social crisis. The passive, isolated and unorganized state of modern mass man, the commercial, sensational and vulgar character of modern mass cuture have responsibility in depriving the ability of modern man to actively united together in overcoming the urgent common problems they are facing. The article concluded by the emphasis of the importance of the education and transformation of the character of the mass of people. The social awareness of the members of society is, it is belived, the fundamental force for the settlement of today's social crisis.