社會運動的網絡分析與思考

A Primary Analysis and Investigation in Organizational Networks of Social Movements

早期社會運動中的相關研究多從制度結構與政治經濟的角度分析社會運動對於社會變遷發展所產生的作用。時至今日，當越來越多元（包含運動目標與組織規模等）的組織或個體跨越了政治藩籬，進而介入社會運動的場域之中，此現象便開啟了群體透過集體行動的模式對整體不平等結構的具體挑戰。台灣目前社會運動的發展狀況，誠如 McAdam等人（1996）所提出政治系統的壓迫對於社會運動的影響可能因為其所訴求的議題，進而激發了多元組織型態的興起。因此，在現代社會運動的發展過程中，組織彼此之間在議題疆界之毀壞及組織結盟穿透的現象也隨之普遍。
本文初步討論台灣社會組織在制度抗爭與議題參與運動過程的發展，透過網絡分析的方法探討組織間存在網絡關係模式的適用性。在政策的議題及重大法令制訂發展過程中所形成的運動網絡，這些網絡模態對於社會運動組織長期發展所產生的影響性考察，將有助於釐清組織發展的過程與限制。在方法的操作上，透過互補式質化與量化網絡方法進行資料的蒐集與分析，將有助於複雜組織網絡的發展與組織在整體的行動結構所呈現的樣態。本文討論運動組織的考察必須強化成員之（內部組織）前運動網絡及其社會資本與（外部環境）網路資訊政治形成的討論。並透過對組織在議題及法令制訂過程所形成運動網絡的耙梳，將可進一步勾勒出社會運動組織參與者前運動網絡的基石對於未來運動組織網絡連結所可能承載與扮演的角色機制。藉由行動者個體透過何種方式及機制如何來建構從個人到組織在網絡關係特質的串連，得以更清楚的描繪出台灣組織運動網絡的結構狀態，並進一步釐清社會運動發展所存在的內部與外部侷限。

Earlier relevant researches concentrate on analyzing the function of social movements in social change from the aspects of institutional structure and political economy. In the present, more diverse social organizations or individuals (including movement goal and organization scales) cross the political gaps and entered the field of social movements. This phenomenon will generate the challenges which emerged from the rising empowerment of social organizations in patriarchal unfair system. As McAdam (1996) mentioned that the pressure of political system will influence the diverse issues in the process of social movements and will create the construction of diverse organizational patterns. As the result, mutual crossing of boundaries and alliance penetration have become popular. This study attempts to discuss the development of social organization in the progress of system resistance and issue participating movement; discuss the appropriateness of network mode through network analysis. The movement network formed during the development process of policy issues and major laws have significant influence on the long-term development of social movement organization. The examination of such network will help us to understand the progress and limitation on organizational development. The combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis will help to map out the network structure of leaders of social organization in the process of specific policy issues or laws. The examination of movement organization in this study needs to reinforce the discussion among pre-movement network of the members (international organization), the social capital and network information politics (external environment). Through the understanding of the movement network formed during the establishment of issues and laws, this study describes the potential role and mechanism of social movement participant network on future movement organization network linkages. From how an individual link to the features of network, we can define the organizational structure of movement network of Taiwanese organization and clarify the external and internal limitation of social movement development.