對抗社會排除：歐盟政策檢討

Combating Social Exclusion：An Overview of the European Union’s Policies

目前台灣許多勞動政策的源頭，來自於歐盟的對抗社會排除政策。本文試圖藉由探討歐盟處理社會排除問題政策的發展，還原台灣勞動政策形成中當有卻未見的動力——歐盟及其會員國在對抗社會排除時所出現的政策對話。歐盟對抗社會排除政策主要是回應其歐洲境內社會整合與各會員國出現的社會排除問題的壓力，政策的核心為「社會權」，政策的焦點是以就業改善社會排除，促進被排除者的社會整合。在政策的推動上，則是以歐盟層次創造一個公共對話空間，謀求共同的行動方案，協調各會員國執行對抗社會排除。可惜，傳統歐洲整合理念、歐盟政體的缺陷、各會員國間制度及理念的差異等結構性障礙，限制了歐盟社會政策的成效。

Many labor policies of Taiwan are originated from the European Union's policies to combat social exclusion. This paper aims to investigate the missing force in the formation of labor policies in Taiwan, the policy dialogue between the European Union and member states in combating social exclusion, through the examination on the development of policies of the European Union to combat social exclusion. EU's policies to combat social exclusion mainly respond to the pressure of social inclusion within the European society and the social exclusion problem in the member states. With social rights as the core, the policies aim to improve social exclusion through employment and enhance social inclusion among the excluded. In the promotion of the policies, it creates a space for public dialogue, seeks a common action plan, coordinates the implementation combating social exclusion of each state member on an EU scale. However, structural obstacles such as the conventional ideology of European integration, defects of the EU system, the ideological and institutional differences between the member states have impeded the effects of the policies.