中國氣候治理政策的批判與反思

A Critique and Rethinking of China's Policies of Climate Governance

中國位居全球最大煤炭生產與消費國（約占其能源的70％），且身兼「基礎四國」以及第三世界「77集團」的核心角色，其參與態度、政策立場以及相關減排措施，均深刻影響著全球氣候治理之成效。本文為「當前中國氣候治理的策略與挑戰」，旨在結合個案觀察和相關學理分析，評析中國因應氣候變遷所推動之治理策略與挑戰。研究發現，中國在「維持經濟發展」與「減緩氣候變遷」的兩難困境中，政策走向正呈現向經濟發展傾斜之趨勢，以致實際作為衍生出更複雜的治理問題。基於此，本文除系統地彙整中國氣候政策脈絡外，同時將從國際關係「批判性安全研究」視角進行反思，以提出未來檢視中國氣候治理之觀察重點。

Mainland China has been the largest countries both in coal production and consumption. She also plays the pivot role among the BASIC (Brazil, South Africa, India and China) countries and the Group of 77. China's attitudes and policy position toward the energy-saving and pollutant reduction measures will deeply influence the effectiveness of global climate governance. This paper focuses on 'the strategies and challenges of current China's climate governance'. The purpose is to combine together the case study and the theoretical analysis and to examine both China's strategies for governance of climate change and the subsequent challenges. This study finds that China is facing the dilemma between 'maintaining economic growth' and 'slowing the deterioration of climate change'. Because of inclination toward economic development, this policy trend resulted in more complicated problems of governance. Therefore, other than understanding the context of China's climate policies, this paper will analyze China's policy-making situation and implementing measures from the perspective of 'critical security research'. And finally, this paper will propose what should be observed in China in terms of climate governance in the future.